- Cryptography Tutorial
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- Public Key Encryption
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- Block Ciphers
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- Block Cipher Modes of Operation
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- Classic Ciphers
- Cryptography - Reverse Cipher
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- Cryptography - Multiplicative Cipher
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- Cryptography - Simple Substitution Cipher
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- Cryptography - Vigenere Cipher
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- Modern Ciphers
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- Cryptography - XOR Encryption
- Substitution techniques
- Cryptography - MonoAlphabetic Cipher
- Cryptography - Hacking Monoalphabetic Cipher
- Cryptography - Polyalphabetic Cipher
- Cryptography - Playfair Cipher
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- Polyalphabetic Ciphers
- Cryptography - One-Time Pad Cipher
- Implementation of One Time Pad Cipher
- Cryptography - Transposition Techniques
- Cryptography - Rail Fence Cipher
- Cryptography - Columnar Transposition
- Cryptography - Steganography
- Symmetric Algorithms
- Cryptography - Data Encryption
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- Cryptography - Triple DES
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- Advanced Encryption Standard
- Cryptography - AES Structure
- Cryptography - AES Transformation Function
- Cryptography - Substitute Bytes Transformation
- Cryptography - ShiftRows Transformation
- Cryptography - MixColumns Transformation
- Cryptography - AddRoundKey Transformation
- Cryptography - AES Key Expansion Algorithm
- Cryptography - Blowfish Algorithm
- Cryptography - SHA Algorithm
- Cryptography - RC4 Algorithm
- Cryptography - Camellia Encryption Algorithm
- Cryptography - ChaCha20 Encryption Algorithm
- Cryptography - CAST5 Encryption Algorithm
- Cryptography - SEED Encryption Algorithm
- Cryptography - SM4 Encryption Algorithm
- IDEA - International Data Encryption Algorithm
- Public Key (Asymmetric) Cryptography Algorithms
- Cryptography - RSA Algorithm
- Cryptography - RSA Encryption
- Cryptography - RSA Decryption
- Cryptography - Creating RSA Keys
- Cryptography - Hacking RSA Cipher
- Cryptography - ECDSA Algorithm
- Cryptography - DSA Algorithm
- Cryptography - Diffie-Hellman Algorithm
- Data Integrity in Cryptography
- Data Integrity in Cryptography
- Message Authentication
- Cryptography Digital signatures
- Public Key Infrastructure
- Cryptography Useful Resources
- Cryptography - Quick Guide
- Cryptography - Discussion
Data Integrity in Cryptography
Until now, we discussed the use of symmetric and public key schemes to achieve the confidentiality of information. With this chapter, we begin our discussion on different cryptographic techniques designed to provide other security services.
The focus of this chapter is on data integrity and cryptographic tools used to achieve the same.
Threats to Data Integrity
When sensitive information is exchanged, the receiver must have the assurance that the message has come intact from the intended sender and is not modified inadvertently or otherwise. There are two different types of data integrity threats, namely passive and active.
Passive Threats
This type of threats exists due to accidental changes in data.
These data errors are likely to occur due to noise in a communication channel. Also, the data may get corrupted while the file is stored on a disk.
Error-correcting codes and simple checksums like Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs) are used to detect the loss of data integrity. In these techniques, a digest of data is computed mathematically and appended to the data.
Active Threats
In this type of threats, an attacker can manipulate the data with malicious intent.
At simplest level, if data is without digest, it can be modified without detection. The system can use techniques of appending CRC to data for detecting any active modification.
At higher level of threat, attacker may modify data and try to derive new digest for modified data from exiting digest. This is possible if the digest is computed using simple mechanisms such as CRC.
Security mechanism such as Hash functions are used to tackle the active modification threats.