- Digital Electronics Tutorial
- Digital Electronics - Home
- Digital Electronics Basics
- Types of Digital Systems
- Types of Signals
- Logic Levels And Pulse Waveforms
- Digital System Components
- Digital Logic Operations
- Digital Systems Advantages
- Number Systems
- Number Systems
- Base Conversions
- Binary Numbers Representation
- Binary Arithmetic
- Signed Binary Arithmetic
- Octal Arithmetic
- Hexadecimal Arithmetic
- Complement Arithmetic
- Binary Codes
- Binary Codes
- 8421 BCD Code
- Excess-3 Code
- Gray Code
- ASCII Codes
- EBCDIC Code
- Code Conversion
- Error Detection & Correction Codes
- Logic Gates
- Logic Gates
- AND Gate
- OR Gate
- NOT Gate
- Universal Gates
- XOR Gate
- XNOR Gate
- CMOS Logic Gate
- Two Level Logic Realization
- Threshold Logic
- Boolean Algebra
- Boolean Algebra
- Laws of Boolean Algebra
- Boolean Functions
- DeMorgan's Theorem
- SOP and POS Form
- Minimization Techniques
- K-Map Minimization
- Three Variable K-Map
- Four Variable K-Map
- Five Variable K-Map
- Six Variable K-Map
- Don't Care Condition
- Quine-McCluskey Method
- Min Terms and Max Terms
- Canonical and Standard Form
- Max Term Representation
- Simplification using Boolean Algebra
- Combinational Logic Circuits
- Digital Combinational Circuits
- Digital Arithmetic Circuits
- Multiplexers
- Parity Bit Generator and Checker
- Comparators
- Encoders
- Keyboard Encoders
- Priority Encoders
- Decoders
- Demultiplexers
- Arithmetic Logic Unit
- 7-Segment LED Display
- Code Converters
- Code Converters
- Binary to Decimal Converter
- Decimal to BCD Converter
- BCD to Decimal Converter
- Binary to Gray Code Converter
- Gray Code to Binary Converter
- BCD to Excess-3 Converter
- Excess-3 to BCD Converter
- Adders
- Half Adders
- Full Adders
- Serial Adders
- Parallel Adders
- Full Adder using Half Adder
- Half Adder vs Full Adder
- Binary Adder-Subtractor
- Subtractors
- Half Subtractors
- Full Subtractors
- Parallel Subtractors
- Full Subtractor using 2 Half Subtractors
- Half Subtractor using NAND Gates
- Sequential Logic Circuits
- Digital Sequential Circuits
- Clock Signal and Triggering
- Latches
- Flip-Flops
- Conversion of Flip-Flops
- Shift Registers
- Shift Register Applications
- Counters
- Finite State Machines
- Algorithmic State Machines
- A/D and D/A Converters
- Analog-to-Digital Converter
- Digital-to-Analog Converter
- DAC and ADC ICs
- Realization of Logic Gates
- NOT Gate from NAND Gate
- OR Gate from NAND Gate
- AND Gate from NAND Gate
- NOR Gate from NAND Gate
- XOR Gate from NAND Gate
- XNOR Gate from NAND Gate
- NOT Gate from NOR Gate
- OR Gate from NOR Gate
- AND Gate from NOR Gate
- NAND Gate from NOR Gate
- XOR Gate from NOR Gate
- XNOR Gate from NOR Gate
- NAND/NOR Gate using CMOS
- Memory Devices
- Memory Devices
- RAM and ROM
- Cache Memory Design
- Programmable Logic Devices
- Programmable Logic Devices
- Programmable Logic Array
- Programmable Array Logic
- Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- Digital Electronics Families
- Digital Electronics Families
- CPU Architecture
- CPU Architecture
Digital Electronics Tutorial
Digital Electronics Tutorial
This is a comprehensive tutorial on Digital Electronics. You can use this tutorial to learn the following topics −
- Basics of digital signals and systems
- Different types of number systems and their conversions
- Binary codes and their conversions
- Boolean functions and their minimization
- Implementation of Boolean expressions
- Combinational logic circuits and their applications
- Sequential circuits and their applications
- Memory devices
- Logic Families
The topics covered in this tutorial are relevant in various technical exams like GATE, engineering services exams, university exams, and various other competitive exams.
Also, you can use the knowledge gained in this tutorial in different industrial applications such as PLC programming, software development, embedded system design, control and automation system design, and more.
What is Digital Electronics?
Digital electronics is a subdomain in electrical and electronics engineering that deals with the study of digital signals and systems, processing of digital signals and their applications. Under digital electronics, several important concepts are covered such as logic gates, Boolean operations, logic functions, combinational circuits, sequential circuits, logic families, and more.
Digital electronics plays a vital role in a wide range of practical applications such as computers, communication systems, consumer electronics, automation and control systems, and many other fields that rely on digital signals.
Applications of Digital Electronics
The knowledge of Digital Electronics plays an indispensable role in several important fields such as computer science and information technology, communication systems, telecom networks, wireless communication, consumer electronics like TV, smartphones, laptops, etc., medical equipment, and industrial automation and robotics engineering.
Digital Electronics Important in Computer Organization
Computer organization is a branch of computer engineering that deals with the study of the physical components of a computer system and their functioning. It allows us to understand how different components of a computer system interact with each other to process data instructions and perform tasks.
Under computer organization, we study about the hardware architecture and design principles of a computer system. Therefore, computer organization helps computer engineers and system designers to develop more efficient computer systems.
Here are the key points that highlight the importance of Digital Electronics in the field of Computer Organization −
- The binary representation of digital electronics is used to design different circuits of a computer system.
- Digital electronics provide logic gates and other digital circuits which are used in designing different components of a computer system like control units, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), memory unit, and more.
- Digital electronics provide principles for design memory units and data storage systems in computers.
- Digital electronics principles also empower computers to perform various digital signal processing tasks such as modulation, demodulation, filtering, etc.
Digital electronics is the fundamental building block of computer organization which provides all the important tools and techniques required for designing and implementing circuits and systems of a computer.
Audience
This tutorial is a complete reference for digital electronics enthusiasts. Anyone who wants to understand the basics and implementation of digital circuits can go through this tutorial and can excel his/her digital electronics skills.
Prerequisites
This tutorial is so designed that anyone with a basic knowledge on the initial concepts of Digital Electronics can understand the topics covered in this tutorial without the need of any parallel resource.
FAQs about Digital Electronics
There are some very Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ) about Digital Electronics, this section tries to answer them briefly.
The primary difference between digital and analog electronics is that digital electronics process data in the form of discrete or discontinuous time signals, while analog electronics use continuous signals for processing purposes.
Some of the key advantages of digital electronics over analog electronics are listed here −
- Digital electronic systems are more precise and accurate as compared to analog electronic system.
- Digital electronic systems can process, store, and transmit signals and information more efficiently.
- Digital signals and systems are highly immune against noise and interferences.
- Digital systems can be programmed and reprogrammed easily to meet the requirements of a specific application, on the other hand analog systems require changes at hardware level.
- Digital systems are highly cost-effective and also scalable.
Logic gates are digital circuits used as the fundamental building blocks in digital system designs. They are binary devices that perform logical operations on inputs as per a predefined set of functions.
In digital electronics, seven common logic gates are widely used and they are AND gate, OR, gate, NOT gate, NAND gate, NOR gate, XOR gate, and XNOR gate.
They are used to design and implement the following −
- Boolean functions and expressions
- Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, etc.
- Combination circuit design such as multiplexers, demultiplexers, encode, decoder, etc.
- Sequential circuit design like counters, flip-flops, registers, timers, etc.
- Memory devices and many more digital systems.
Boolean algebra is an important tool used in digital electronics. It provides a mathematical framework to perform data manipulation in binary format. Boolean algebra provides a complete set of laws and operations to simplify complex logical expressions and implement optimized digital systems.
A combinational logic circuit is simply an interconnected set of logic gates that produces an output depending on the inputs applied. On the other hand, a sequential circuit is a group of combinational circuit and memory element. Thus, the output of the sequential circuit is governed by the present inputs and past outputs.
Flip-flops are the most elementary memory elements. They are used to hold one bit of digital information in a system. In digital electronics, flip-flops are used to design several complex digital systems like counters, memory devices, registers, timers, and more.
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are digital devices in which a matrix of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) is connected together through programmable interconnects.
A user can reprogram an FPGA to meet the needs of a desired application. Therefore, it allows us to design a wide range of custom digital circuits, such as combinational and sequential circuits, arithmetic logic units, memory blocks, control systems, data processing systems, etc.
Digital logic design is an important concept in integrated circuit fabrication. It helps the designer in the following processes −
- Determine the specifications and design parameters of the IC.
- Technology mapping i.e., selection and mapping of logic gates and other components.
- Prepare the physical design and structure to understand the position and interconnection of components.
- Test and verify the design for any error or bug.
- Final product production at mass level.
"Digital Electronics" plays an important role in the design and development of modern consumer electronic devices. It builds the foundation of modern computer science and information technology. Digital electronics helps to improve the functionality and performance of modern devices like smartphones, laptops, computers, etc.
Digital electronics is used to develop reliable systems and embed advanced features like high-speed internet connectivity, responsive user interface, audio processing, etc. It also provides the tools and technologies required for the development of HD displays, digital audio systems, touch screen interfaces, wireless systems, digital camera technologies, and much more.
In communication systems, digital electronics is used to design and implement various communication algorithms. It provides a set of tools for data transmission, processing, and receiving.
Digital electronics also empower various other industries such as medical diagnostics, automotive, robotics, etc.