PHP - Ds Set::last() Function

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The PHP Ds\Set::last() function is used to retrieve the last value of the current set. It does not accept any index value to retrieve an element; it simply returns the last element of the set.

If the current set is empty, this function throws an "UnderflowException" exception.

Syntax

Following is the syntax of the PHP Ds\Set::last() function −

public Ds\Set::last(): mixed

Parameters

This function does not accept any parameter.

Return value

This function returns the last value in a set.

Example 1

The following program demonstrates the usage of the PHP Ds\Set::last() function.

<?php
   $set = new \Ds\set([11, 121, 12121, 1212121]);
   echo "The set elements are: ";
   print_r($set);
   echo "The last element of the set is: ";
   print_r($set->last());
?>

Output

The above program displays the last value of this set is "1212121".

The set elements are: Ds\Set Object
(
    [0] => 11
    [1] => 121
    [2] => 12121
    [3] => 1212121
)
The last element of the set is: 1212121

Example 2

The following is another example of the PHP Ds\Set::last() function. We use this function to retrieve the last element of this set (["Welcome", "to", "Tutorials", "point"]).

<?php
   $set = new \Ds\set(["Welcome", "to", "Tutorials", "point"]);
   echo "The set elements are: \n";
   print_r($set);
   echo "The last element of the set is: ";
   print_r($set->last());
?>

Output

The above program returns the last element as a "point".

The set elements are:
Ds\Set Object
(
    [0] => Welcome
    [1] => to
    [2] => Tutorials
    [3] => point
)
The last element of the set is: point

Example 3

If the current set is empty, the last() function throws an "UnderflowException" exception.

<?php
   $set = new \Ds\set([]);
   echo "The set elements are: ";
   print_r($set);
   echo "The last element of the set is: ";
   print_r($set->last());
?>

Output

On executing the above program, it will throw the following error −

The set elements are: Ds\Set Object
(
)
The last element of the set is: PHP Fatal error:  
Uncaught UnderflowException: Unexpected empty state in C:\Apache24\htdocs\index.php:6
Stack trace:
#0 C:\Apache24\htdocs\index.php(6): Ds\Set->last()
#1 {main}
  thrown in C:\Apache24\htdocs\index.php on line 6