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CSS Paged Media - break-before Property
CSS break-before paged media property specifies whether a page break should occur before an element. This is useful for controlling the layout of printed pages.
Possible Values
Following is a list of possible values that can be passed to b>break-before paged media property:
Generic Break Values
-
auto − Default value. It will automatically break the page before the element based on available space.
-
avoid − It avoids a page break before the element, if nedded.
Page Break Values
-
avoid-page − It prevents the page break before the element.
-
page − Forces a page break before the element.
-
left − Forces a page break before the element so that the next page is formatted as a left page.
-
right − Forces a page break before the element so that the next page is formatted as a right page.
Column Break Values
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avoid-column − To avoid a column break before the element.
-
column − To add a column break before the element.
Applies to
Block-level elements.
DOM Syntax
breakBefore = "auto|avoid|avoid-page|page|left|right|avoid-column|column";
Page Break Aliases
Web-browser treat the legacy page-break-before property as an alias for the break-before property. This ensures smooth working of websites that use page-break-before. The following values should be equal for the break-before property.
page-break-before | break-before |
---|---|
auto | auto |
left | left |
right | right |
avoid | avoid |
always | page |
Following rules are applied to determine if a break must be done:
Any of the three relevant values (always, left, right, page, column, or region) that is a forced break value takes priority. If there are multiple page break properties, we choose the one that comes last in the sequence. The sequesnce is : break-before takes precedence over break-after, and break-after takes precedence over break-inside.
If any of the three relevant values is avoid page break values such as, avoid, avoid-page, avoid-region, or avoid-column, a page break will not be added at that position.
CSS break-before - auto Value
The following example demonstrates (in a printed layout) that the break-before: auto property automatically breaks the page before the section when page is printed −
<html> <head> <style> main { height: 50px; width: 150px; } section { break-before: auto; border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; margin: 10px; } button { background-color: violet; padding: 5px; margin: 10px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Click on below button to see the effect when you print the page.</p> <button onclick="printPage()">Print Page</button> <main> <section> <h3>Column 1</h3> <p>This is a column 1.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 2</h3> <p>This is a column 2.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 3</h3> <p>This is a column 3.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 4</h3> <p>This is a column 4.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 5</h3> <p>This is a column 5.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 6</h3> <p>This is a column 6.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 7</h3> <p>This is a column 7. This section is break automatically based on the available space and content.</p> </section> </main> <script> function printPage() { window.print(); } </script> </body> </html>
CSS break-before - avoid Value
The following example demonstrates (in a printed layout) that the break-before: avoid property avoids the page break before the section when page is printed −
<html> <head> <style> main { height: 50px; width: 180px; } section { break-before: avoid; border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; margin: 10px; } button { background-color: violet; padding: 5px; margin: 10px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Click on below button to see the effect when you print the page.</p> <button onclick="printPage()">Print Page</button> <main> <section> <h3>Column 1</h3> <p>This is a column 1.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 2</h3> <p>This is a column 2.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 3</h3> <p>This is a column 3.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 4</h3> <p>This is a column 4.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 5</h3> <p>This is a column 5.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 6</h3> <p>This is a column 6.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 7</h3> <p>This is a column 7.</p> </section> </main> <script> function printPage() { window.print(); } </script> </body> </html>
CSS break-before - avoid-page Value
The following example demonstrates that break-before: avoid-page property avoids page break before the element when page is printed −
<html> <head> <style> .avoid-break-page { break-before: avoid-page; } button { background-color: violet; padding: 5px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Click on below button to see the effect when you print the page.</p> <button onclick="printPage()">Print Page</button> <div><p>This is a paragraph 1. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <div class="avoid-break-page"><p>This is a paragraph 2. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 3. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 4. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <script> function printPage() { window.print(); } </script> </body> </html>
CSS break-before - page Value
The following example demonstrates that break-before: page property break the page before the element when page is printed −
<html> <head> <style> .break-page { break-before: page; } button { background-color: violet; padding: 5px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Click on below button to see the effect when you print the page.</p> <button onclick="printPage()">Print Page</button> <div><p>This is a paragraph 1. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <div class="break-page"><p>This is a paragraph 2.After applying the break-before property, this paragraph will be displayed on the second page.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 3. It will be displayed on second page.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 4. It will be displayed on second page.</p></div> <script> function printPage() { window.print(); } </script> </body> </html>
CSS break-before - left Value
The following example demonstrates that break-before: left property break the element to the next page on left side when page is printed −
<html> <head> <style> .page-break-left { break-before: left; } button { background-color: violet; padding: 5px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Click on below button to see the effect when you print the page.</p> <button onclick="printPage()">Print Page</button> <div><p>This is a paragraph 1. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 2. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <div class="page-break-left"><p>This is a paragraph 3.After applying the break-before: left property, this paragraph will be displayed to the next page on left side when page is printed.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 4. It will be displayed on second page.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 5. It will be displayed on second page.</p></div> <script> function printPage() { window.print(); } </script> </body> </html>
CSS break-before - right Value
The following example demonstrates that break-before: right property break the element to the next page on right side when page is printed −
<html> <head> <style> .page-break-right { break-before: right; } button { background-color: violet; padding: 5px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Click on below button to see the effect when you print the page.</p> <button onclick="printPage()">Print Page</button> <div><p>This is a paragraph 1. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 2. It will be displayed on first page.</p></div> <div class="page-break-right"><p>This is a paragraph 3. After applying the break-before: right property, this paragraph will be displayed to the next page on right side when page is printed.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 4. It will be displayed on second page.</p></div> <div><p>This is a paragraph 5. It will be displayed on second page.</p></div> <script> function printPage() { window.print(); } </script> </body> </html>
CSS break-before - avoid-column Value
The following example demonstrates that break-before: avoid-column property avoids a column break before each section when page is printed −
<html> <head> <style> main { column-width: 200px; column-gap: 10px; } section { width: 200px; height: 130px; border: 2px solid black; margin: 10px; padding: 5px; } .break-column { break-before: avoid-column; } button { background-color: violet; padding: 5px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Click on below button to see the effect when you print the page.</p> <button onclick="printPage()">Print Page</button> <main> <section> <h3>Column 1</h3> <p>This is a column 1.</p> </section> <section class="break-column"> <h3>Column 2</h3> <p>This is a column 2.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 3</h3> <p>This is a column 3.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 4</h3> <p>This is a column 4.</p> </section> </main> <script> function printPage() { window.print(); } </script> </body> </html>
CSS Break column - column Value
The following example demonstrates that break-before: column property add a column break before each section to create the multi-column layout when page is printed −
<html> <head> <style> main { column-width: 200px; column-gap: 10px; } section { width: 200px; height: 130px; border: 2px solid black; margin: 10px; padding: 5px; } .break-column { break-before: column; } button { background-color: violet; padding: 5px; } </style> </head> <body> <p>Click on below button to see the effect when you print the page.</p> <button onclick="printPage()">Print Page</button> <main> <section> <h3>Column 1</h3> <p>This is a column 1.</p> </section> <section class="break-column"> <h3>Column 2</h3> <p>This is a column 2. After applying break-before: column, this section will be displayed on next column.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 3</h3> <p>This is a column 3.</p> </section> <section> <h3>Column 4</h3> <p>This is a column 4.</p> </section> </main> <script> function printPage() { window.print(); } </script> </body> </html>
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