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- DSA using C - Search techniques
- DSA using C - Sorting techniques
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DSA using C - Shell Sort
Overview
Shell sort is a highly efficient sorting algorithm and is based on insertion sort algorithm. This algorithm avoids large shifts as in case of insertion sort if smaller value is very far right and have to move to far left. This algorithm uses insertion sort on widely spread elmements first to sort them and then sorts the less widely spaced elements. This spacing is termed as interval. This interval is calculated based on Knuth's formula as (h=h*3 +1) where h is interval and initial value is 1. This algorithm is quite efficient for medium sized data sets as its average and worst case complexity are of O(n) where n are no. of items.
Pseudocode
procedure shellSort( A : array of items ) int innerPosition, outerPosition int valueToInsert, interval = 1 /* calculate interval*/ while interval < A.length /3 do: interval = interval * 3 +1 while interval > 0 do: for outer = interval; outer < A.length; outer ++ do: /* select value to be inserted */ valueToInsert = A[outer] inner = outer; /*shift element towards right*/ while inner > interval -1 && A[inner - interval] >= valueToInsert do: A[inner] = A[inner-1] inner = inner - interval end while /* insert the number at hole position */ A[inner] = valueToInsert end for /* calculate interval*/ interval = (interval -1) /3; end while end procedure
Example
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #define MAX 7 int intArray[MAX] = {4,6,3,2,1,9,7}; void printline(int count){ int i; for(i=0;i <count-1;i++){ printf("="); } printf("=\n"); } void display(){ int i; printf("["); // navigate through all items for(i=0;i<MAX;i++){ printf("%d ",intArray[i]); } printf("]\n"); } void shellSort(){ int inner, outer; int valueToInsert; int interval = 1; int elements = MAX; int i=0; while(interval <= elements/3){ interval = interval*3 +1; } while(interval > 0){ printf("iteration %d#:",i); display(); for(outer = interval; outer < elements; outer++){ valueToInsert= intArray[outer]; inner = outer; while(inner > interval -1 && intArray[inner - interval] >= valueToInsert){ intArray[inner] = intArray[inner - interval]; inner -=interval; printf(" item moved :%d\n",intArray[inner]); } intArray[inner] = valueToInsert; printf(" item inserted :%d, at position :%d\n",valueToInsert,inner); } interval = (interval -1) /3; i++; } } main(){ printf("Input Array: "); display(); printline(50); shellSort(); printf("Output Array: "); display(); printline(50); }
Output
If we compile and run the above program then it would produce following output −
Input Array: [4, 6, 3, 2, 1, 9, 7] ================================================== iteration 0#: [4, 6, 3, 2, 1, 9, 7] item moved :4 item inserted :1, at position :0 item inserted :9, at position :5 item inserted :7, at position :6 iteration 1#: [1, 6, 3, 2, 4, 9, 7] item inserted :6, at position :1 item moved :6 item inserted :3, at position :1 item moved :6 item moved :3 item inserted :2, at position :1 item moved :6 item inserted :4, at position :3 item inserted :9, at position :5 item moved :9 item inserted :7, at position :5 Output Array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9] ==================================================
dsa_using_c_sorting_techniques.htm
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