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- Biology Notes for UPSC IAS Prelims (Part I)
- Biology - Home
- Biology - Structure and Functions
- The Fundamental Unit of Life
- Biology - Tissues
- Biology - Animal Tissue
- Diversity in Living Organisms
- Biology - Plantae Kingdom
- Biology - Animalia Kingdom
- Biology - Vertebrata
- Biology - Transportation in Humans
- Biology - Transportation in Plants
- Biology - Excretion
- Biology - Control and Coordination
- Biology - Hormones in Animal
- How do Organisms Reproduce?
- Biology - Sexual Reproduction
- Biology - Reproduction in Animals
- Reaching the Age of Adolescence
- Biology - Heredity and Evolution
- Biology - Life Processes
- Biology - Respiration
- Microorganisms: Friend and Foe
- Biology - Why do We Fall Ill
- Biology - Natural Resources
- Biology - Our Environment
- Conservation of Plants and Animals
Biology - Vertebrata
Introduction
The organisms of this kingdom have a true vertebral column and the internal skeleton structure.
Classification of Vertebrata
Vertebrates are further classified as −
Pisces
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
Let’s discuss each of them in brief −
Pisces
The organisms of this group are typically different types of fishes.
Fishes can live only in water.
The skin fish is covered with scales/plates.
Fish use oxygen dissolved in water by using gills
![Pisces](/biology_part1/images/pisces.jpg)
The tail of fish helps in their movements.
Fishes are cold-blooded organisms and their hearts have only two chambers.
Fishes lay eggs.
Amphibia
The organisms of amphibia have mucus glands in the skin, and they have three-chambered heart.
Amphibian can live in water as well as on land.
![Amphibia](/biology_part1/images/amphibia.jpg)
The organisms of amphibian respire through either gills or lungs.
The organisms of amphibia lay eggs.
Reptilia
The organisms of this group are cold bolded.
![Reptilia](/biology_part1/images/reptilia.jpg)
The organisms of reptilia lay eggs with tough coverings.
Aves
The organisms of Aves group are warm-blooded.
The organisms of Aves group lay eggs except a few, such as bat.
![Aves](/biology_part1/images/aves.jpg)
Most of the Aves have feathers.
Mammalia
The organisms of Mammalia group are warm-blooded and they have four-chambered hearts.
Mammalia are typically characterized for their mammary glands.
Mammary glands produce milk to nourish the young one.
Most of the mammals produce live baby; however, a few of mammals, such as, the platypus and the echidna lay eggs.
![Mammalia](/biology_part1/images/mammalia.jpg)
Mammals’ skin has hairs along with sweat and oil glands.