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What is the difference between Procedural and Non-Procedural Languages in compiler design?
Procedural Languages
Procedural languages are command-driven or statement-oriented languages. A program includes a sequence of statements, and the implementation of each statement generates the interpreter to modify the value of one or more areas in its memory that enters a new state.
The format of procedural languages are
statement1;
statement2;
C, Pascal, FORTRAN, and equivalent languages are procedural languages. Each statement in the language communicates the computer to do something. A program in a procedural language is a list of instructions. For very small programs, no other arranging principle is required. Such language includes a sequence of procedures that execute when called. Each procedure includes a sequence of statements where each statement manipulates data that can be either local to the procedures, a parameter if from the calling procedure, or defined globally.
Non-Procedural Languages
In non-procedural languages, all the instructions are not written in a definite order. It is referred to as a declarative and functional language. The non-procedural language does not need writing traditional program logic. Users intensify on describing the input and output instead of the steps of the program. Examples of non-procedural languages such as Java, C++, SQL, RGP, etc.
| Procedural Languages | Non-Procedural Languages |
|---|---|
| The procedural languages are command-driven or statement-oriented. | The non-procedural languages are fact-oriented. |
| The programs in procedural language specify what is to be accomplished by a program and instruct the computer on accurately how the evaluation is completed. | The programs in non-procedural language specify what is to be done and do not state exactly how a result is to be evaluated. |
| Procedural languages are used for application and system programming. | Non-Procedural languages are used in RDBMS, expert systems, natural language processing, and education. |
| It is complex. | It is simpler than procedural. |
| These are imperative programming languages. | These are declarative programming languages. |
| The textual context or execution sequence is considered. | There is no need to consider textual context or execution sequence. |
| As an example of a program, the sorting is completed by defining in a C++ program all of the elements of some sorting algorithm to a computer having a C++ compiler. The computer after translating the C++ program into machine code or some interpretive intermediate code follows the instructions and produces the sorted list. | In a non-procedural language, it is essential only to define the features of the sorted list. From this description, the non-procedural language system can produce the sorted list. |
| Machine efficiency is good. | The logic programs that use the only resolution face serious problems of machine efficiency. |
| The procedural paradigm leads to a large number of the probable network between functions and data if there are many functions and many global data items. | There are no such connections present in the non-procedural paradigm. |
| An example of procedural languages is C, ADA, Pascal, C++, etc. | An example of non-procedural languages is Prolog, USP, SQL Scheme, etc. |
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