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What are the differences between public, protected and private access specifiers in C#?
Public Access Specifier
Public access specifier allows a class to expose its member variables and member functions to other functions and objects. Any public member can be accessed from outside the class.
Example
using System; namespace Demo { class Rectangle { public double length; public double width; public double GetArea() { return length * width; } public void Display() { Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length); Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width); Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea()); } } //end class Rectangle class ExecuteRectangle { static void Main(string[] args) { Rectangle r = new Rectangle(); r.length = 7; r.width = 10; r.Display(); Console.ReadLine(); } } }
Output
Length: 7 Width: 10 Area: 70
Protected Access Specifier
Protected access specifier allows a child class to access the member variables and member functions of its base class.
Let us see an example of protected access modifier, accessing the protected members.
Example
using System; namespace MySpecifiers { class Demo { protected string name = "Website"; protected void Display(string str) { Console.WriteLine("Tabs: " + str); } } class Test : Demo { static void Main(string[] args) { Test t = new Test(); Console.WriteLine("Details: " + t.name); t.Display("Product"); t.Display("Services"); t.Display("Tools"); t.Display("Plugins"); } } }
Output
Details: Website Tabs: Product Tabs: Services Tabs: Tools Tabs: Plugins
Private Access Specifier
Private access specifier allows a class to hide its member variables and member functions from other functions and objects. Only functions of the same class can access its private members. Even an instance of a class cannot access its private members.
Example
using System; namespace Demo { class Rectangle { //member variables private double length; private double width; public void Acceptdetails() { length = 10; width = 15; } public double GetArea() { return length * width; } public void Display() { Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length); Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width); Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea()); } }//end class Rectangle class ExecuteRectangle { static void Main(string[] args) { Rectangle r = new Rectangle(); r.Acceptdetails(); r.Display(); Console.ReadLine(); } } }
Output
Length: 10 Width: 15 Area: 150
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