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What is the colour of the sunlight:
(a) scattered by the dust particles in the atmosphere?
(b) scattered by the air molecules in the atmosphere?
(a) White.
Explanation
The colour of the sunlight scattered by the dust particles in the atmosphere will be white because dust particles suspended in the atmosphere are much larger than the wavelength range of visible light.
When white light consisting of different colours coming from the sun strikes these larger particles of dust, it gets reflected or scattered in a different direction, due to which the scattered light appears white.
(b) Blue.
Explanation
The colour of the sunlight scattered by the air molecules in the atmosphere will be blue because air molecules present in the atmosphere are extremely smaller than the wavelength range of visible light.
When the white light consisting of different colours coming from the sun strikes these very small air molecules, it behaves differently, because the different colours of white light have different wavelengths, so they are affected differently.
The light (blue) dispersed or scattered much more by the air molecules as its wavelength is shorter but the light (red) dispersed much less because its wavelength is longer. Therefore, the molecules of air scatter mainly the lower wavelengths of light which have blue shades.