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What is soil pollution?
Soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotics chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste.
Causes of Soil pollution
Illegal dumping of the solid wastes, polluted water absorbed by the soil, use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, dumping of minerals, oils, and radioactive wastes are the major causes of soil pollution.
Effects of Soil pollution
Soil pollution causes a chain reaction. It alters soils' biodiversity, reduces soil organic matter and soils' capacity to act as a filter. It also contaminates the water stored in the soil and groundwater and causes an imbalance of soil nutrients.
Prolonged exposure to contaminated soil can lead to the depression of the central nervous system and damage to vital organs (such as the liver). Long-term exposure to polluted soils has also been linked to cancer in humans.