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The coldest region on the earth is the
(a) polar region
(b) tropical region
(c) temperature region
(d) coastal region
Correct Answer: (a) polar region
Explanation:
Polar regions receive less intense solar radiation than other parts of Earth because the sun's energy arrives at an oblique angle, spreads over a larger area, and travels a longer distance through the Earth's atmosphere, where it may be absorbed, scattered, or reflected. This is also why winters are colder than the rest of the year, except in tropical regions.
Due to latitude, the axial tilt of the Earth primarily affects the polar climate. Since the polar regions are farthest from the equator, they receive the weakest solar radiation and are generally frigid year-round. The earth's axial tilt of 23.5° is not enough to create a high enough maximum midday declination to compensate for the sun's rays for the high latitude even in summer, except for brief periods in peripheral areas near the polar circles. Ice and snow reflect and diminish the polar areas' limited sunlight, contributing to the cold.
Polar regions have extremely cold temperatures, significant glaciation anywhere there is enough precipitation to generate permanent ice, short and cold summers, and extreme changes in daylight hours, with 24 hours of daylight in summer and utter darkness in midwinter.
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