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State the law of constant proportions. Give one example to illustrate this law.
The Law of constant proportion given by Proust states that "A chemical compound always consists of the same elements combined together in the same proportion by mass."
Example: If we decompose 100 gms of pure water by passing electricity through it, then 11 gms of hydrogen and 89 gms of oxygen are obtained.
$H_20 \xrightarrow {electricity} H_2 + O_2$
On repeating this experiment by taking pure water from different sources (like river, sea, well, etc.), the same masses of hydrogen and oxygen elements are obtained in each case. They are always combined together in the same constant proportion of 11:89 or 1:8 by mass. This proves the law of constant proportion to be true.
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