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Given below are the stages related with the germination of seeds. List the conditions in which this process could occur?
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The figure mentioned in the question shows the germination process in dicotyledons.
In dicot plants, the primary root (radicle) emerges through the seed coats when the seed is still buried beneath the soil.
The hypocotyl region (lower part of cotyledons) grows from the seed coats and pushes them above the soil. While growing up, the part is bent in a hairpin shape forming a hypocotyl arch.
Cotyledons protect the plumule or epicotyl region (above the cotyledons) and emerge first leaves from any mechanical injury.
Extra information:
Germination is the process through which a seed develops into a young plant or seedling. The fundamental process by which many plant species develop from a single seed into a plant is known as seed germination. This method has an impact on crop output and quality.
The growth of a seedling from an angiosperm or gymnosperm seed is a frequent example of seed germination.
The complete process of seed germination is carried out in the following steps:
- At the start of germination, the seeds rapidly absorb water, expand, and soften the seed coat. The imbibition step. It activates growth enzymes. The seed begins to respire, create proteins, and digest stored nourishment. The seed germination lag period.
- A main root forms when the seed coat ruptures. The seed absorbs groundwater. After radicle and plumule emerge, shoot grows upward.
- At the end of seed germination, the cell elongates and splits to form the seedling.
Here are several critical criteria for a seed to develop into a seedling and then into a plant.
Water: Seed germination requires water. Some seeds are dry and need a lot of water compared to their dry weight. Seed germination requires water. It hydrates protoplasm, gives the budding embryo dissolved oxygen, softens seed coverings, and enhances seed permeability. It helps rupture seeds and transforms insoluble food into soluble form for embryo transport.
Oxygen: Oxygen is vital for seed development. Germinating seeds need it for metabolism and aerobic respiration until they produce their own leaves. If a seed is buried too deeply, it won't get enough oxygen from the soil pores.
Temperature: Seeds germinate at around 25-30°C. Various seeds need different temperatures. Some seeds demand 5 to 40°C temperatures.
Light or darkness: Light or darkness might be triggered. Sunlight germinates many seedlings.
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