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Explain the structure of the hand.
The following are the main structures of the hands:
The wrist is formed where the two bones of the forearm – the radius (the larger bone on the thumb side of the arm) and the ulna (the smaller bone on the pinky side) – meet the carpus. Rather than a single joint, the wrist is actually made up of multiple joints where the bones of the arm and hand meet to allow movement.
The carpus is formed from eight small bones collectively referred to as the carpal bones, which are bounded in two groups of four bones, and they are:-
1. Upper end of the wrist- Pisiform, Triquetrum, Lunate and Scaphoid.
2. Lower end of the wrist- Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid and Trapezium
Other bones of the hand are the metacarpals – the five bones that comprise the middle part of the hand, the phalanges (singular phalanx) – the 14 narrow bones that make up the fingers of each hand. Each finger has three phalanges (the distal, middle, and proximal), the thumb has two.
Joints are formed wherever two or more of these bones meet. Each of the fingers has three joints:
1. Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) – the joint at the base of the finger
2. Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) – the joint in the middle of the finger
3. Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) – the joint closest to the fingertip.
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