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Explain how humans perceive sound.
When a sound of a certain frequency approaches the ear, it gets funneled by the pinna into the ear canal, increasing the intensity of the sound. When this sound wave, which is nothing but compressions and rarefactions in the air, reaches the eardrum, it pushes the eardrum, causing vibrations of the eardrum.
The vibration of the eardrum makes each of the interconnected bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) to vibrate. These interconnected bones act as levers, which increase the displacement during the vibration. Therefore, the displacement of the stirrup becomes many times that of the eardrum, increasing the amplitude of the sound.
The stirrup, which is connected to the cochlea, introduces compression and rarefaction pulses in the fluid in the cochlea. These pulses cause the hair-like structures in the cochlea to move, producing electrical signals. The signals are sent to the brain through the auditory nerve. The brain then interprets these signals to give hearing sensation.
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