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Define absolute refractive index and express it mathematically.
"Absolute refractive index of a medium" is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in air or vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. It is denoted by $n$.
Mathematically it is expressed as-
$\text {Refractive index of a medium}=\frac{\text {Speed of light in vacuum}}{\text {Speed of light in medium}}$ or,
$n=\frac {c}{v}$
Here,
$c$ = speed of light in vacuum or air.
$v$ = speed of light in medium.
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