(a) Name two biodegradable and two non-biodegradable wastes.
(b) Name the biotic and abiotic components of ecosystem.
(c) What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?
(d) If the plants get 10000 J of energy from the sun, how much energy will be available to tiger in the following food chain?
Plants → Deer → Tiger (e) A harmful chemical enters food chain comprising peacock
(a) Two biodegradable wastes are vegetable peel out and paper, and two non-biodegradable wastes are plastic and iron.
(b) Biotic components of an ecosystem are grass and deer and abiotic components of an ecosystem are water and air.
(c) Decomposers in the ecosystem play an important role in decomposing waste by converting the organic compounds of dead and decaying organic matter into inorganic form for the nourishment of decomposer organisms.
(d) If the plants get 10000 J of energy from the sun, 100J of energy will be available to tigers in the food chain according to the 10 percent law.
(e) When a harmful chemical enters the food chain comprising of peacock, frog, grass, snake, and grasshopper, the peacock will have the maximum concentration of harmful chemicals because it is the highest trophic level.
Additional information:
Biodegradable Wastes: Those waste materials which can be broken down to non-poisonous substances in nature by the action of microorganisms (like bacteria) are called biodegradable wastes.
- They get recycled and therefore do not require dumping sites.
- They do not cause any pollution to the soil.
- Example: Paper, Wood, etc.
Non-Biodegradable Wastes: Those waste materials which cannot be broken down into non-poisonous substances in nature are called non-biodegradable wastes.
- They cannot be recycled easily and therefore are to be dumped which requires a lot of space. This cause wastage of land.
- The harmful chemicals leach out of these wastes when they are dumped in soil. This leads to soil pollution.
- Example: DDT, Plastic, and Polythene bags.
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- (a) Define an ecosystem. Give examples of any two ecosystems.(b) List the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem.
- (a) Define decomposers. Name one decomposer.(b) What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?
- In the following food chain, 20,000 J of energy was available to the plants. How much energy would be available to man in this chain?Plants® Sheep®& Man
- (a) How is energy introduced into the ecosystem?(b) Consider the following food chain :(i) Plants → Mice → Snakes → Hawks(ii) Plants → Mice →HawksIf energy available at the producer level in both the food chains is 100 J, in which case will hawks get more energy as food, and by how much? Justify your answer.
- If the energy available at the producer level in a food chain is 150 J, how much energy will be transferred to: tertiary consumer?(a) 15 J (b) 10 J (c) 1.50 J (d) 0.15 J
- (a) Name and state the law given by Lindeman which tells us how much energy entering a particular trophic level of organisms is available for trasnsfer to the next higher trophic level.(b) How much energy will be available to hawks in the food chain comprising hawk, snake, paddy, and mice, if 10,000 J of energy is available to paddy from the sun?
- If 5 joules of energy is available at producer level (plants), then how much energy will be transferred to the lion in the following food chain?Plants → Goat → Lion
- If the energy transferred to a tertiary consumer in a food chain is 10 J, how much energy was available to the primary consumer?(a) 100 J (b) 500 J (c) 1000 J (d) 5000 J
- What will be the consequence of the absence of decomposers in the ecosystem?
- Which of the following gets the minimum energy through the food chain in an ecosystem?(a) carnivore (b) large carnivore (c) producer (d) herbivore
- A forest ecosystem having a lot of green plants has some foxes, lions and rabbits in it.(a) Write a food chain comprising all the four organisms mentioned above.(b) Name (i) one herbivore, and (ii) two carnivores, in this food chain.(c) Name the link which is a predator as well as a prey.(d) Name (i) second trophic level, and (ii) third trophic level.(e) Which link of this food chain can feed on second trophic level as well as third trophic level, independently?(f) If the sun provides 1000 J of energy to the plants, then how much energy will be transferred to fox through the food chain.
- What is meant by biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials? Give examples of two biodegradable and two non-biodegradable materials.
- What is a food chain? Why is the flow of energy in an ecosystem unidirectional? Explain briefly.
- In an ecosystem, the ten percent energy available for transfer from one trophic level to the next is in the form of :(a) heat energy (b) chemical energy(c) mechanical energy (d) light energy
- (a) Explain why, a food chain usually cannot have more than three or four steps.(b) Calculate the amount of energy that will be available to big fish in the following food chain, if 10,000 J of energy is available to small algae from the sun :Small algae → Zooplankton → Fish → Big fish
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