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(a) How is the method of extraction of metals high up in the reactivity series different from that for metals in the middle? Why cannot the same process be applied for them? Name and explain the process of extraction of sodium.(b) Draw a labelled diagram of electrolytic refining of copper.
(a) Metals high up in the reactivity series are extracted by electrolytic reduction as they generally occur in the form of oxides which are quite stable. While those in the middle are extracted first by converting into oxide and then reducing by carbon.
The same method cannot be used because the metals present high up in the reactivity series have more affinity for oxygen than carbon.
Process of extraction of Sodium metal from its chloride.
Molten sodium chloride is taken for electrolytic reduction to produce sodium metal. The metals are deposited at the cathode and chlorine is liberated at the anode.
At cathode: $Na^+ + e^- → Na$
At anode : $2Cl^- → Cl_2 + 2e^-$
(b) Reaction for electrolytic refining: The impure copper metal is made ANODE and the pure metal of copper is CATHODE copper sulphate as an electrolyte. Pure copper from electrolyte deposited on cathode soluble impurities goes into solution and insoluble impurities remain in the solution and deposited at bottom of ANODE.
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