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(a) How can you bend light away from the normal?
(b) How must light travel out of a substance if it is not going to be refracted?
(a) We can bend light away from the normal by making the light to enter from a denser medium to a rarer medium.
Explanation
The angle of refraction or the amount of bending of light depends on the refractive index
1. When light passes through a low refractive index, like air (faster medium or optically rarer medium) to a high refractive index, like glass (slower medium or optically denser medium), its speed decreases and bends towards the normal.
2. When light passes through a high refractive index, like glass (slower medium or optically denser medium) to a low refractive index, like air (faster medium or optically rarer medium) its speed increases and bends away from the normal.
(b) If light is not going to be refracted, then incident light must travel out of a substance at the right angle (90º).
Explanation
If the light ray hits the glass block at right angles (at 90°, i.e perpendicular to the glass block) to the surface, then the light ray will not bend.