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How to match text at the start or end of a string in Python?
Problem..
Assume you need to check the start or end of a string for a specific text patterns. The common patterns might be filename extensions but can also be anything. I will show you few methods on how you can do this.
Startswith() method
A simple way to check the beginning of a string is by using startswith() method.
Example
text = "Is USA colder than Australia?"
print(f"output \n {text.startswith('Is')}")Output
True
Example
filename = "Hello_world.txt"
print(f"output \n {filename.startswith('Hello')}")Output
True
Example
site_url = 'https://www.something.com'
print(f"output \n {site_url.startswith('http:')}")Output
False
Example
print(f"output \n {site_url.startswith('https:')}")Output
True
endswith() Method.
A simple way to check the ending of a string is by using endswith() method.
Output
text = "Is USA colder than Australia?"
print(f"output \n {text.endswith('?')}")Output
True
Example
filename = "Hello_world.txt"
print(f"output \n {filename.endswith('.txt')}")Output
True
Now if we want to check for multiple choices with the above methods we need to provide tuples. One of the common usage is the check for file extensions let us say we need to validate for ".txt" and ".csv" files in a directory.
import os
filenames = os.listdir('.')# Let us first check if there are files
print(f"output \n {any(name.endswith(('.csv',',txt')) for name in filenames)}")Output
True
Output
[name for name in filenames if name.endswith(('.csv', '.txt')) ]Output
['file1.csv', 'HRDataset.csv', 'Input.csv', 'input.txt', 'input_copy.txt', 'movies_data.csv', 'my_html_data_to_csv.csv', 'temporary_file1_for_zip.csv', 'temporary_file2_for_zip.csv', 'test.csv', 'test1.txt', 'test2.txt', 'tmdb_5000_movies.csv']
Remember these methods accepts tuples, if you have a list of choices to search, then we need to convert them in tuples.
import os
# list with choices
patters = ['.csv','.txt']
# get the file names
filenames = os.listdir('.')
# Let us first check if there are files
any(name.endswith(patters) for name in filenames)Output
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) in 8 9 # Let us first check if there are files ---> 10 any(name.endswith(patters) for name in filenames) in (.0) 8 9 # Let us first check if there are files ---> 10 any(name.endswith(patters) for name in filenames) TypeError: endswith first arg must be str or a tuple of str, not list
The above command returned an error, so we need to convert the list into a tuple.
Example
# Let us first check if there are files any(name.endswith(tuple(patters)) for name in filenames)
Output
True
Similarly, we need to convert list to tuple to get the file names.
Example
[name for name in filenames if name.endswith(tuple(patters)) ]
Output
['file1.csv', 'HRDataset.csv', 'Input.csv', 'input.txt', 'input_copy.txt', 'movies_data.csv', 'my_html_data_to_csv.csv', 'temporary_file1_for_zip.csv', 'temporary_file2_for_zip.csv', 'test.csv', 'test1.txt', 'test2.txt', 'tmdb_5000_movies.csv']
Finally, the startswith() and endswith() methods look nice when combined with other operations, such as common data reductions. For example:
Example
if any(name.endswith(tuple(patters)) for name in filenames): <perform the logic here>
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