How is the classification of Computer Networks done as per its architecture?

A network is a collection of interconnected computers that communicate with each other to share resources, data, and services. Networks enable file sharing, resource pooling, and communication across different locations.

For example − If you have a movie or PDF file on your laptop and a friend 10km away needs it, you can transfer the file instantly through the network. This demonstrates how networks facilitate data transfer across geographical distances.

Networks are essential for resource sharing and expanding storage capacity. For example − If your machine has only 2GB of storage but you need to access a 10GB file, you can use cloud storage through network connectivity to access the required space.

Modern activities like chatting, web browsing, and accessing news are all network-dependent operations that showcase the fundamental role of networking in daily computing.

Classification of Network Architecture

Network architecture is the framework that defines how an organization's hardware, software, communication protocols, and connectivity components are structured and interact with each other.

There are two primary types of network architecture:

Peer-to-Peer Architecture

Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture is a distributed networking model where each node or workstation has equal capabilities and responsibilities. Every device can act as both client and server simultaneously.

In P2P networks, each node can request services from other nodes and also provide services to them. This architecture is commonly used for content distribution, file sharing, and small-scale networks where centralized control is not required.

P2P networks are suitable for home networks and small businesses due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Both wired and wireless networks can implement peer-to-peer configurations.

Disadvantages of P2P

• Security challenges − Since all nodes have equal privileges, it's difficult to implement centralized security policies and monitor malicious activities.

• Resource overhead − Each node must maintain additional software and storage for peer functionality, increasing overall system memory usage.

Client-Server Architecture

Client-server architecture consists of multiple clients (workstations) connecting to one or more central servers. The server is a powerful computer with enhanced processing and storage capabilities that manages resources and provides services to clients.

In this model, most applications and data are stored on the server. Clients access these resources on-demand from the server. The server manages network resources, handles client requests, and maintains centralized data storage.

This architecture offers faster access speeds, easier software upgrades, and better resource management. Web servers serving HTTP requests and network servers monitoring activities are common examples of client-server implementations.

Comparison

Conclusion

Network architecture classification depends on how nodes interact and share responsibilities. Peer-to-peer offers simplicity and low cost for small networks, while client-server provides better performance and management for larger, more complex network environments.