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Getting Selenium to pause for X seconds.
We can get Selenium to pause for X seconds with the concept of synchronization. There are two types of waits − implicit and explicit. Apart from this there is the Thread.sleep method that halts Selenium for a certain time. The wait time is passed as an argument to the method.
Example
Code Implementation with Thread.sleep.
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class ThreadWt{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm");
// identify element, enter text
WebElement n=driver.findElement(By.className("gsc-input"));
// wait of 200 ms applied
Thread.sleep(200);
n.sendKeys("Selenium");
driver.quit();
}
}We can specify an implicit wait. It shall keep the driver to wait for a specific amount of time for an element to be available.
Syntax
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait();
The implicit is a global wait applied to every element on the page and is dynamic in nature.
Example
Code Implementation with implicit wait.
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ImplicitWt{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
String url = "https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm";
driver.get(url);
// wait of 5 seconds
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// identify element, enter text
WebElement n=driver.findElement(By.className("gsc−input"));
n.sendKeys("Selenium");
driver.quit();
}
}The explicit wait is also used and it is applied to a specific element on the page. It is a WebDriverWait that works in association with the Expected Condition class. It is also dynamic in nature.
Expected conditions for explicit waits are −
titleContains
alertIsPresent
invisibilityOfElementLocated
invisibilityOfElementWithText
textToBePresentInElement
visibilityOfElementLocated
presenceOfAllElementsLocatedBy
visibilityOf
presenceOfElementLocated
elementToBeClickable
stalenessOf
Example
Code Implementation with explicit wait.
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class ExpltWaits{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm");
// identify element and click()
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[text()='Library']")).click();
// expected condition - invisibility condition
WebDriverWait wt = new WebDriverWait(driver,5);
// invisibilityOfElementLocated condition
wt.until(ExpectedConditions.
invisibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@class='mui-btn']")));
driver.close();
}
}
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