C++ basic_istream Library - operator>>

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Description

This operator (>>) applied to an input stream is known as extraction operator.

Declaration

Following is the declaration for std::basic_istream::operator>>.

C++98

basic_istream& operator>> (bool& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (short& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (unsigned short& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (int& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (unsigned int& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (long& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (unsigned long& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (float& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (double& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (long double& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (void*& val);
stream buffers (2)	
basic_istream& operator>> (basic_streambuf<char_type,traits_type>* sb );
manipulators (3)	
basic_istream& operator>> (basic_istream& (*pf)(basic_istream&));
basic_istream& operator>> (
  basic_ios<char_type,traits_type>& (*pf)(basic_ios<char_type,traits_type>&));
basic_istream& operator>> (ios_base& (*pf)(ios_base&));

C++11

basic_istream& operator>> (bool& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (short& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (unsigned short& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (int& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (unsigned int& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (long& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (unsigned long& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (long long& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (unsigned long long& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (float& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (double& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (long double& val);
basic_istream& operator>> (void*& val);
stream buffers (2)	
basic_istream& operator>> (basic_streambuf<char_type,traits_type>* sb );
manipulators (3)	
basic_istream& operator>> (basic_istream& (*pf)(basic_istream&));
basic_istream& operator>> (
  basic_ios<char_type,traits_type>& (*pf)(basic_ios<char_type,traits_type>&));
basic_istream& operator>> (ios_base& (*pf)(ios_base&));

Parameters

• val − It is an object where the value that the extracted characters represent is stored.

• sb − Pointer to a basic_streambuf object on whose controlled output sequence the characters are copied.

• pf − A function that takes and returns a stream object. It generally is a manipulator function.

Return Value

Returns the basic_istream object (*this).

Exceptions

Modifies val or the object pointed by sb and modifies the stream object.

Exception safety

Basic guarantee − if an exception is thrown, the object is in a valid state.

Example

In below example for std::basic_istream::operator>>

#include <iostream>     

int main () {
   int n;

   std::cout << "Enter a number: ";
   std::cin >> n;
   std::cout << "You have entered: " << n << '\n';

   std::cout << "Enter a hexadecimal number: ";
   std::cin >> std::hex >> n;         
   std::cout << "Its decimal equivalent is: " << n << '\n';

   return 0;
}

Let us compile and run the above program, this will produce the following result −

Enter a number: 1
You have entered: 1
Enter a hexadecimal number: 5E
Its decimal equivalent is: 94