Introduction Primary ciliary dyskinesia or PCD is a kind of issue that is understood by the infections in the chronic respiratory tract, misplacing of the organs, and infertility or incapable of being able to bear a child. Signs and symptoms of the disease can be detected through the abnormalities in ... Read More

Introduction Any kind of genetic disorder can be diagnosed properly by critically examining a pedigree chart. It helps in understanding the sources and type of any particular disease. The risk of any genetic disorder can be reduced by valuing a family pedigree chart. In preparing this chart, some important specifications ... Read More

Introduction The two most important processes of dividing cell are mitosis and meiosis. Both mitosis and meiosis are associated with generating a new cell. The onion root tip is often named as one of the most important and proper root specimens. The presence of a meristematic cell is integrally associated ... Read More

Introduction Mostly two different types of plants are generally seen such as flowering as well as nonflowering. Angiosperms refer to flowering plants and the non-flowering plants are called gymnosperms. Angiosperms can be divided into two different groups in terms of their cotyledons number such as monocotyledonous as well as dicotyledonous. ... Read More

Introduction The procedure of giving birth to a baby as well as the placenta from uterus through vagina is known as parturition. This phase is mainly seen between the labour to the process of delivery. Parturition takes place around 38 weeks after completing fertilization. During this process, the lactation process ... Read More

Introduction The period of early medieval time in northern India was mentioned as about 750 to 1000 CE. There were various significant regional kingdoms that ruled northern India in this period. The political history of this period was centralized mainly by three kingdoms, the Palas kingdom, the Rastrukatas kingdom and ... Read More

Introduction Hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted in trace amounts by the endocrine cells. They transmit the information from one tissue to another tissue by diffusing it into the bloodstream. The messages transmitted to the target tissue help to control the metabolic and physiological activities in the target ... Read More

Introduction Skin is one of the sense organs of our body. The skin is a protective barrier that covers our entire body. The skin acts as a protective, excretive, and absorptive organ. Apart from this, it regulates body temperature. Sometimes the skin is affected by a wide variety of germs ... Read More

Introduction Viruses are ubiquitous infectious agents containing genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. Genetic material is either DNA or RNA. Retroviruses contain RNA as the genetic material and are grouped under the family Retroviridae. Retroviruses have become the subject of interest with the discovery of the enzyme called reverse ... Read More

Introduction The respiratory system is one of the major biological systems which helps in the breathing process. The respiratory system helps in gaseous exchange along with the removal of waste from the blood. To check the condition of the respiratory system we should understand some parameters related to the lungs. ... Read More