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Articles by Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Page 35 of 196
How to rotate a ggplot2 graph in R?
To rotate a ggplot2 graph, we can save it in an object and then use the print function by defining the angle with viewport.For example, if we have a graph saved in an object called PLOT then we can rotate it to 180 degrees by using the below mentioned command −print(PLOT,vp=viewport(angle=180))ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to find the frequency for all columns based on a condition in R?
To find the conditional frequency for all columns based on a condition, we can use for loop where we will define the length of each column with condition for which we want to find the frequency.For example, if we have a data frame called df and we want to find the number of values in each column that are greater than 5 then we can use the below given command − Columns
Read MoreHow to add row percentages to contingency table in R?
To add row percentage to contingency table in R, we can use rowSums and sum function with table values and combine them with cbind function.For Example, if we have a table called TAB then we can add row percentages to TAB by using the below command −cbind(TAB,rowSums(TAB),rowSums(TAB)/sum(TAB))Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −Grp1
Read MoreHow to extract data.table columns using a vector of column numbers in R?
When we have large number of columns and only few of them are useful for analysis then extraction of such columns becomes helpful.If we have a vector that contains column numbers and we want to extract the columns from a data.table object then we can use the single square brackets for subsetting of columns as shown in the below given examples.Example 1Following snippet creates data.table object and Vector1 −x1
Read MoreHow to divide all columns by one column and keeping original data in R?
To divide all columns of data frame in R by one column and keeping the original data, we can use mutate_at function of dplyr package along with list function.For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains five columns say x, y, z, a, and b then we can divide all columns by b and keep the original data by using the below given command −df%>%mutate_at(vars(x:b),list(All_by_b=~./b))Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x1
Read MoreCreate histogram with horizontal boxplot on top in base R.
To create a histogram with horizontal boxplot on top in base R, we first need to define the layout of the plotting area with layout function and par function margin (mar) then the boxplot will be created and after that the histogram will be created. While creating the boxplot and histogram we need to make sure that the ylim for boxplot and xlim for histogram are same.Check out the below Example to understand how it can be done.ExampleTo create a histogram with horizontal boxplot on top in base R, use the following snippet −x
Read MoreHow to increase the width of lines for histogram like plots in base R?
The histogram like plot in base R is the plots of vertical lines instead of points in a vector or column of a data frame. If we increase the width of these lines then the plot becomes more like a histogram as the increment in widths make the vertical lines look like bars.To increase the width of lines for histogram like plots in base R, we can use lwd argument.Check out the below example to understand the difference between point chart and histogram like plot in base R.ExampleUse the code given below to increase the width of lines for histogram ...
Read MoreHow to increase the X-axis labels font size using ggplot2 in R?
To increase the X-axis labels font size using ggplot2, we can use axis.text.x argument of theme function where we can define the text size for axis element. This might be required when we want viewers to critically examine the X-axis labels and especially in situations when we change the scale for X-axis.Check out the below given example to understand how it can be done.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to create a group column in an R data frame?
Suppose we have a data frame called df that contains two columns say X and Y then we can create a group column based on X and Y by converting df into a data.table object and creating list of values in X and Y with list function.Check out the below Examples to understand how it can be done.Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x1
Read MoreHow to multiply two matrices in R if they contain missing values?
If we want to multiply two matrices if they contain missing values then we first need to convert the missing values to zeros and then the multiplication can be easily done. If we do not do so then the Output of the multiplication will have NAs at all positions.Check out the Examples given below to understand the correct of multiplication if NAs are present in the matrices.Example 1Following snippet creates a sample matrix −M1
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