Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
Articles by Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Page 25 of 196
How to sort a vector in R based on manual position of elements?
To sort a vector based on manual position of elements, we can use order function along with the factor function. The factor function will help us to arrange the vector elements in the order we want by defining the levels as vector elements and order function will order them. Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Example1> x1 x1Output[1] 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 3 1 4 1 0 1 1 3 3 0 0 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 0 4 0 1 1 [38] 4 ...
Read MoreHow to find the number of non-empty values in an R data frame column?
To find the number of non-empty values, we can find the negation of the sum of empty values which is actually the total number of non-empty values. For example, if we have a data frame df that contains a column x which has some empty values then to find the total number of non-empty values we can find the opposite/negation of total empty values. This can be done with the help of sum function and negation operator as shown in the below examples.Example1Consider the below data frame −> x df1 df1Output x 1 1 2 2 3 4 ...
Read MoreHow to split a vector by equal and different number of elements in R?
To split a vector by equal and different number of elements, we can use split function along with rep function. The rep function will define the repetition of the divisions for equal as well as different number of elements. For example, if a vector say x contains fifty values then splitting of x with different number of elements as 20, 10, 10, 5, 5 this can be done by using the command split(x, rep(1:5, c(20, 10, 10, 5, 5))).Example1> x1 x1Output [1] 1.30316414 -0.80488291 0.23170812 -0.07318560 -0.73388857 -0.85952329 [7] -0.88713465 -0.26618866 1.45634603 0.31282735 1.39285785 0.32501145 [13] -1.72088389 -0.20699097 -0.37173907 0.03042574 -1.88779297 ...
Read MoreHow to find the inverse of log10 for an R data frame column?
To find the log10 of a data frame column then log10 function will be used but to find the inverse of the log10 can be found by putting 10 raises to the power of the log10 column. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a column x then the log10 will be found by usinglog10(df$x)after that the inverse will be found by using 10^(df$x).Example1Consider the below data frame −> x1 x2 df1 df1Output x1 x2 1 66210 2 2 42033 2 3 39309 2 4 80353 3 5 92864 2 6 48621 2 ...
Read MoreHow to plot rows of a data frame as lines in R?
To plot row of a data frame as lines, we can use matplot function but we would need to transpose the data frame because transposed values of the data frame will be read as columns and the matplot function plot the columns not rows. For example, if we have a data frame called df then the plot of rows as lines can be created by using the command −matplot(t(df), type="l")Example1Consider the below data frame −> x1 x2 x3 df1 df1Output x1 x2 x3 1 0 9 5 2 3 4 2 3 0 2 1 4 3 7 3 5 ...
Read MoreHow to display zero frequency for bars in base R barplot?
When we create a barplot in base R, the bars are plotted for all the values in the vector but if we have a gap in the values then the bar with zero frequency for that gap is not plotted. For example, if we have a vector called x that contains 100 values consisting of 0, 1, 3 then the barplot will not represent zero frequency for 2. To solve this problem, we can use factor function in the barplot function as shown in the below examples.Example1> x xOutput [1] 0 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 0 1 1 5 1 8 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 2 0 5 3 1 0 1 1 4 1 4 2 3 1 3 [38] 1 4 2 2 5 1 2 5 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 2 3 4 3 1 1 2 1 2 5 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 0 4 1 1 [75] 2 2 5 2 2 1 2 2 3 1 4 2 1 3 2 0 2 1 0 4 1 5 2 3 2 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 3 2 [112] 3 2 4 4 1 1 0 2 6 1 4 0 5 0 1 2 2 2 3 5 2 2 2 1 4 2 2 1 0 0 1 4 4 1 3 5 1 [149] 1 5 1 2 0 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 0 5 2 3 2 3 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 2 3 4 4 4 2 [186] 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 2 2 2 1 0 5 2Example> barplot(table(factor(x,levels=0:10)))OutputExample2> y barplot(table(factor(y,levels=1:5)))Output
Read MoreHow to add proportion total at margins on a table in R?
The proportion total in a table helps us to understand the contribution of each row and each column in the total. Therefore, if we want to find the proportion total at margins, we can use addmargins function if we have the proportion table and if we do not have that table then firstly it needs to be created and then use the addmargins function. For example, if we have a proportion table called prop then the command will be addmargins(prop).Example1Consider the below table of proportions −> x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 table1 table1Output [, ...
Read MoreHow to find the sum of variables by row in an R data frame?
To find the sum of variables by row we mean the sum of row values in the data frame. This can be easily done with the help of rowSums function. For example, if we have a data frame called df then the sum of variables by row can be found by using the command −rowSums(df)Example1Consider the below data frame −> x1 x2 x3 df1 df1Output x1 x2 x3 1 0 2 3 2 1 0 1 3 1 0 2 4 3 3 2 5 4 2 2 6 3 1 5 7 ...
Read MoreHow to convert a column values to column names in R?
To convert a column values to column names, we can use dcast function of reshape2 package. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains two columns say x and y, where x is categorical and y is numerical. Now if we want to convert the categories in x as column names then it can be done as dcast(df, y~x).Example1Consider the below data frame −> x1 x2 df1 df1Output x1 x2 1 B 4 2 A 2 3 A 5 4 C 3 5 A 7 6 A 4 7 ...
Read MoreHow to add a vector to each row of a matrix in R?
To add a vector to reach row of a matrix, we can use addition sign (+) and create the repetition of the vector up to the number of rows in the matrix. For example, if we have a matrix called M then a vector say v can be added to each row of M by using the command −M+rep(v, each=nrow(M))Example1Consider the below matrix and the vector −> M1 M1Output [, 1] [, 2] [1, ] 3 2 [2, ] 3 3 [3, ] 4 2 [4, ] 5 1 [5, ...
Read More