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Nizamuddin Siddiqui has Published 2307 Articles
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
221 Views
When we create a histogram and save it in an object name then we can extract the frequencies as count for the mid values or breaks by calling that object. We can consider that mid values or breaks obtained by the object are the actual value against which the frequencies ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
215 Views
When we create a plot, it shows the values passed by the function for creating the plot but we might want to display some other values to provide some information through the plot and that information could be a threshold value as a horizontal line or we can also call ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
95 Views
A string vector can contain any value including spaces. Sometimes a string vector is read with some spaces as well and we want to split the vector then extract few values. For example, if a string has “ABC 123” then we might want to extract the number 123 so that ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
354 Views
Often, we have duplicate values in a factor column that means a factor column has many levels and each of these levels occur many times. In this situation, if we have a frequency column then we want to find the total of that frequency based on the values of a ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
500 Views
There are many units of measurements for a single object or item. For example, weight can be measured in milligrams, grams, kilograms, tons, oz, lbs, etc. Now suppose we have two variables that belong to the same unit of measurement as weight of a coca cola cans and weight of ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
17K+ Views
Creating a numeric vector is the first step towards learning R programming and there are many ways to do that but if we want to generate a sequence of number then it is a bit different thing, not totally different. We can create a vector with a sequence of numbers ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
279 Views
When we create a bar plot or any other plot with legend, the background of the legend is white but it can be changed to any color with the help of scales package. We can make changes in the legend of a plot using alpha in legend.background argument of theme ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
610 Views
The values of the categorical variable can be represented by numbers, by characters, by a combination of numbers and characters, by special characters, by numerical signs or any other method. But when we create the bar plot, if the size of a label name is large then we might want ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
102 Views
In data analysis, sometimes we need to use zeros for certain calculations, either to nullify the effect of a variable or for some other purpose based on the objective of the analysis. To deal with such type of situations, we need a zero value or a vector of many ways ... Read More
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
1K+ Views
The standardized coefficients in regression are also called beta coefficients and they are obtained by standardizing the dependent and independent variables. Standardization of the dependent and independent variables means that converting the values of these variables in a way that the mean and the standard deviation becomes 0 and 1 ... Read More