To find the mean of list elements we need to unlist those elements. For example, if we have a list named as List that contains three elements of equal or different sizes such element1, element2, and element3 then we can find the mean of all the list elements by using ... Read More

Filling of blanks is not an easy task in data analysis, especially if the vector contains numerical or integer values. Suppose we have a vector x that contains 1, , 2, 3, 4, 5 and we want to put 1 in place of blank after first value then cummax function ... Read More

If we want to remove rows containing missing values based on a particular column then we should select that column by ignoring the missing values. This can be done by using is.na function. For example, if we have a data frame df that contains column x, y, z and each ... Read More

The concatenation of vectors can be done by using combination function c. For example, if we have three vectors x, y, z then the concatenation of these vectors can be done as c(x, y, z). Also, we can concatenate different types of vectors at the same time using the same ... Read More

The calculation of total for integer column based on two different character columns simply means that we need to create a contingency table for the available data. For this purpose, we can use with and tapply function. For example, if we have a data frame df that contains two categorical ... Read More

A list can contain multiple lists of different type as well as similar type elements such as data frames, vectors, matrices etcetera but accessing those elements become a little difficult task. Therefore, it is better to convert a list that contain multiple lists into a single list and it can ... Read More

If we want to find the two−period moving average easily then it cannot be done in base R. We need to use rollmean function of zoo package that solves this problem in a single line of code. For example, if we have a vector x that contains hundred from starting ... Read More

Like every other tool for statistical analysis R does not display the labels of a boxplot in italics, thus if we want to do this, we need to do it manually. In ggplot2, we have a function scale_x_discrete that can be used to change the default font to italic using ... Read More

If we have named vectors but the names come from same family then they cannot be added to each other direct to get the sum of values based on names. To do this, we need to use tapply function. For example, if we have three vectors defined as x, y, ... Read More

Special characters are generally treated as string values and they can be counted with the help of str_count function of stringr package. For example, if we have a vector x that contains $, #, %, ^, &, *, @, ! or any other special character then we can use str_count(x, ... Read More