To create a character vector in R we can enclose the vector values in double quotation marks but if we want to use a data frame row values to create a character vector then as.character function can be used. For example, if we have a data frame df then the ... Read More

If integer vector is read as strings and we want to find the position of the minimum value in that vector then we need to use as.numeric along with the vector to read it as a numeric vector then use which function for finding the position of the minimum value. ... Read More

While dealing with text data, we sometimes need to extract values between two words. These words can be close to each other, at the end sides or on random sides. If we want to extract the strings between two words then str_extract_all function of stringr package can be used.Loading stringr ... Read More

In data analysis, we encounter many problems with a lot of variations among them. One such problem is we have some information in a place that needs to be checked through a different place and these places can be data frames. Therefore, we can to find a data frame’s column ... Read More

A set in mathematics is defined as the collection of unique elements and the order of the elements does not matter. In R, we can create sets using set_power function of sets package. For example, if we have a vector x that contains A, B, C then the sets using ... Read More

The difference between as.matrix and matrix function is that nrow argument or ncol argument are not helpful with as.matrix function but with matrix function we can use them. Therefore, we can actual define a matrix with matrix function but if we have a data frame or data table then it ... Read More

Tibbles are created when we analyze data using dplyr package and if the data size is large then only 10 values are printed in R. If we want to display the complete output of tibble then View function needs to be used. For example, if we want to perform calculation ... Read More

Dealing with time data is not an easy task, it is sometimes difficult even in built-in analytical softwares, thus it won’t be easy in R as well. Mostly, we record time on a 12-hour time scale but in some situations, we need 24-hour time scale. Therefore, if we want to ... Read More

A matrix can also contain missing values and those missing values can be placed in a matrix by randomization as well, hence we cannot be sure about the positions of those values that are referred to as NA and the non-missing values. If we want to find the positions of ... Read More

To multiply a rows or columns of a matrix, we need to use %*% symbol that perform the multiplication for matrices in R. If we have a matrix M with 5 rows and 5 columns then row 1 of M can be multiplied with column 1 of M using M[1, ... Read More