Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
Articles by Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Page 141 of 196
How to create a list of an unordered combination of elements in a string vector in R?
An unordered combination of elements means that the combination of the values in a way that does not make any particular arrangement. For example, if we have three values one, two, and three then they can be arranged in the following way which is unordered −"one" "two" "three" "one" "two" "one" three" "two" "three" "one" "two" "three"Example Live Demox
Read MoreHow to check whether a year or a vector of years is leap year or not in R?
Almost everyone knows that a leap has 366 instead of 365 days and it occurs once in four years. If we want to check whether a particular year is a leap year or in a range of years which years correspond to leap year then we can use leap_year function of leap year. The length function can be used with the year value and if the output is 1 then it will be a leap year otherwise the output will be 0 which refers to the non-leap year.Loading lubridate package −Examplelibrary("lubridate") year1
Read MoreHow to change the title of a graph to italic created by using plot function in R?
If a graph is created by specifying main title of the plot using the plot function then the default font is plain text. We might want to change the style of the font to italic so that the title gets a little more attraction of the viewers. This can be done by using font.main argument with plot function. The value 4 of font.main refers to the bold italic font and if we want to make it bold then we can use the value 3.Consider the below vectors and create the scatterplot between the two with title of the plot −Examplex
Read MoreHow to round correlation values in the correlation matrix to zero decimal places in R?
To find the correlation matrix, we simply need to use cor function with the data frame object name. For example, if we have a data frame named as df then the correlation matrix can be found by using cor(df). But the result will have too many decimal places to represent the correlation. If we want to avoid the values after decimal places, we can use round function.Consider the mtcars data in base R −Example Live Demodata(mtcars) cor(mtcars)Output mpg cyl disp hp drat ...
Read MoreHow to find the root mean square of a vector in R?
To find the root mean square of a vector we can find the mean of the squared values then take the square root of the resulting vector. This can be done in a single and very short line of code. For example, if we have a vector x and we want to find the root mean square of this vector then it can be done as sqrt(mean(x^2)).Example Live Demox1
Read MoreHow to create blue or red colored boxplots in R using ggplot2?
The default color of boxplot area in R using ggplot2 is white but we might want to change that color to something more attracting, for example blue or red. To do this purpose, we can use geom_boxplot function of ggplot2 package with fill argument by passing the color names.Consider the below data frame −Example Live Demoset.seed(1321) v1
Read MoreHow to fill the NA with last observation in the column of an R data frame?
There are multiple ways to fill missing values in data analysis and one of the ways is filling them with the previous value in the same column of the data frame. For example, if we have a column x in data frame df and this columns x contains some NA values then we can fill them with the values in the upper row. This can be done with the help of na.locf function of zoo package.Consider the below data frame −Example Live Demoset.seed(477) x
Read MoreHow to create a subset of an R data frame having complete cases of a particular column?
If we have missing values in a data frame then all the values cannot be considered complete cases and we might want to extract only values that are complete. We might want extract the complete cases for a particular column only. Therefore, we can use negation of is.na for the column of the data frame that we want to subset.Consider the below data frame −Example Live Demoset.seed(123) x
Read MoreHow to create a random sample of some percentage of rows for a particular value of a column from an R data frame?
Random sampling is an important part of data analysis, mostly we need to create a random sample based on rows instead of columns because rows represent the cases. To create a random sample of some percentage of rows for a particular value of a column from an R data frame we can use sample function with which function.Consider the below data frame −Example Live Demoset.seed(887) grp
Read MoreHow to create a barplot with one of the bars having different color in R?
A bar plot represents discrete data and the bars in the bar plot are usually of same color but we might want to highlight a particular bar based on the characteristics of the data or the objective of the analysis project. For example, if a particular bar represents highly severe situation or highly unimportant situation then we can change the color that particular bar so that people can easily point out that bar.Consider the below data frame −Example Live Demox
Read More