First, let us understand about the capital payments.Capital PaymentsCapital payments are payments of capital expenditures of a company, which are made into cash.In other words, capital payments are non-recurring payments which are paid in cash and are part of the capital expenditures. These payments are made in installments or at ... Read More

Let us understand what a sole trader and a partnership are, before learning about their differences.Sole traderAn individual who owns and runs the total business is known as sole trader. In simple words, a sole trader has to look after his/her own resources to run their business.He/she has to apply ... Read More

Let us understand what a lease agreement and a rent agreement are, before learning about their differences.Lease agreementAccording to section 105 of transfer of property Act, 1882 “lease is defined as transfer of a right to enjoy a property, made for a certain time, express or implied or in perpetuity, ... Read More

Let us consider two examples for the percentage of completion method.Example 1Calculate by using percentage of completion method, if estimated cost of project is $700000 and costs to date are $85000, total revenue estimated = $2000000).SolutionThe solution is as follows −Step 1Percentage of completion = costs to date / estimated ... Read More

Let us estimate the total income of the project by using percentage of completion method, if revenue estimated is $300000, estimated costs is $60000 and costs to date is $7000.SolutionThe solution is as follows −Step 1 -Percentage of completion = costs to date / estimated cost of project = 7000/60000 ... Read More

In this method, all the revenues are recognized based on the percentage of work completed over a period of time through a cost to cost method.Journal entriesThe journal entries for the percentage of completion method are as follows −ParticularsDebitCreditIncurring costsConstruction in progressCash or accounts payableBillingAccounts receivableConstruction in progress (Bill)Receiving paymentsCashAccounts ... Read More

The percentage of completion method recognizes all the revenue and profit associated with long-term projects on proportion/percentage of work completed.In this method, revenue is recognized yearly. Sellers can recognize gain/loss in a project in every accounting year. This method estimates stages of project completion or estimates costs of remaining costs. ... Read More

In this method, all revenue and expenses will not be recognized, until the completion of the contract. If there is any unpredictability in collecting funds from customers, then this method is used. This method is easy to determine and simple.Journal entriesThe journal entries for completed contract method are as follows ... Read More

In complete contract method, recognize all the revenue and profit associated with a project only after completion of project. This method results in deferred tax liability.Also, this method is used, where there is uncertainty in collecting funds from customers under contract terms.Businesses can defer recognition of income taxes, if there ... Read More

Free cash flow to firm (FCFF) represents the available cash flow for equity holders of the firm. The cash is the remaining cash after paying all its expenses including both operating and capital expenditures (taxes, interest, expenditures etc.). Measures the cash return by a firm to its shareholders.FormulaThe formulae to ... Read More