Large inland bodies of water that are surrounded by land are called lakes. They can be organic or synthetic and have a range of cultural, economic, and ecological values. The largest lakes in the world are dispersed over many continents and are a vital source of freshwater for many areas. ... Read More

The earth is abundant with minerals that are essential for contemporary civilisation, from electronics to architecture. The world's major minerals are plentiful and priceless natural resources that, for ages, have moulded the world economy and international trade. These minerals are frequently extracted from the earth's crust at great depths and ... Read More

Major mountain peaks rank among the planet's most recognizable and breath-taking natural attractions. They are emblems of human perseverance and adventure and inspire us with their sheer magnitude and beauty. There are innumerable high mountains throughout the world, each with its own distinct history, geography, and cultural significance. ... Read More

Mountain ranges are a distinctive aspect of the earth's topography and are extremely important in determining the climate and ecosystem of the planet. They are also home to a variety of rare types of plants and animals and have long served as significant spiritual and cultural centres for people. ... Read More

Scientists and philosophers all over the Earth from time to time, on unravelling the mystery of the Origin and evolution of our Solar system in general and our Earth in particular propounded various theories, hypotheses and concepts. However, these theories could not be accepted by a greater scientific community on ... Read More

Geosyncline theory was a primary theory of the Earth until the discovery of seafloor spreading and the advent of plate tectonic theory in the 1960s. The Geosyncline theory explains the formation of tertiary fold mountains such as the Great Himalayas, The Atlas, The Alps, The Rockies and the Andes Cordillera. ... Read More

The theory of Growth Pole & Growth Centre has been proposed by French economists Francois Perroux and Boudeville respectively, with a view to resurrecting the French economy with propulsive growth in a short span of time. This concept acknowledges the preeminence of industrialization as the only and sole basis of ... Read More

The term "Isostasy" is derived from the Greek word "Isostasios", which means the state of being in balance. (equipoise). This doctrine states that the less dense materials of the Earth surface (SIAL) must float over the denser magma (SIMA) of the Earth's interior. Historical Background This phenomenon was initially ... Read More

Migration can be broadly divided based on two analytical models: the macro and the micro analytical models. Some of the prominent models involved in macroanalysis include the Ravenstein model (Gravity Model), the Zipf model (Model of Least Effort), and the Stouffer model (the Intervening Opportunity Model). The major microanalytical model ... Read More

If the present growth trends in world population, industrialization, pollution, food production, and resource depletion continue unchanged, the limits to growth on this planet will be reached sometime within the next one hundred years. The most probable result will be a rather sudden and uncontrollable decline in both population and ... Read More