Because the @_ variable is an array in Perl, it can be used to supply lists to a subroutine. However, because of the way in which Perl accepts and parses lists and arrays, it can be difficult to extract the individual elements from @_. If you have to pass a ... Read More

You can pass various arguments to a Perl subroutine like you do in any other programming language and they can be accessed inside the function using the special array @_. Thus the first argument to the function is in $_[0], the second is in $_[1], and so on.You can pass ... Read More

The general form of a subroutine definition in Perl programming language is as follows −sub subroutine_name {    body of the subroutine }The typical way of calling that Perl subroutine is as follows −subroutine_name( list of arguments );In versions of Perl before 5.0, the syntax for calling subroutines was slightly ... Read More

You can use the POSIX function strftime() in Perl to format the date and time with the help of the following table. Please note that the specifiers marked with an asterisk (*) are locale-dependent.SpecifierReplaced byExample%aAbbreviated weekday name *Thu%AFull weekday name *Thursday%bAbbreviated month name *Aug%BFull month name *August%cDate and time representation ... Read More

You can use the time() function in Perl to get epoch time, i.e., the numbers of seconds that have elapsed since a given date, in Unix is January 1, 1970.Example Live Demo#!/usr/local/bin/perl $epoc = time(); print "Number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 - $epoc";OutputWhen the above code is executed, it ... Read More

You can use localtime() function in Perl to get a list of 9-elements and later you can use the printf() function to format date and time based on your requirements as follows −Example Live Demo#!/usr/local/bin/perl ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime(); printf("Time Format - HH:MM:SS"); printf("%02d:%02d:%02d", ... Read More

The function gmtime() in Perl works just like localtime() function but the returned values are localized for the standard Greenwich time zone. When called in list context, $isdst, the last value returned by gmtime, is always 0. There is no Daylight Saving Time in GMT.You should make a note on ... Read More

Let's start with localtime() function in Perl, which returns values for the current date and time if given no arguments. Following is the 9-element list returned by the localtime function while using in list context −sec, # seconds of minutes from 0 to 61 min, # minutes of hour from ... Read More

The following table lists all operators from highest precedence to lowest in Perl Programming.

There are following miscellaneous operators supported by Perl language. Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20 then −Sr.No.Operator & Description1.Binary operator dot (.) concatenates two strings.Example− If $a = "abc", $b = "def" then $a.$b will give "abcdef"2xThe repetition operator x returns a string consisting of the ... Read More