Kiran Kumar Panigrahi

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi

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312 Articles Published

Articles by Kiran Kumar Panigrahi

Page 4 of 32

Difference between RJ45 and RJ11.

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 5K+ Views

A Registered Jack (RJ) is a standardized telecommunication network interface for connecting voice and data equipment to a local exchange carrier or long-distance carrier's service. The Universal Service Ordering Code (USOC) system of the Bell System in the United States was the first to specify registration interfaces for compliance with the registration program for customer-supplied telephone equipment mandated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the 1970s. After Bell Labs invented Registered Jack connections in 1973, they became popular. Physical construction, wiring, and signal semantics are all included in the standard. Registered jacks are commonly referred to by the ...

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Difference Between Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Proxy

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 1K+ Views

Both VPN and Proxy are network technologies used to access remote systems and route internet traffic, but they serve different purposes and offer varying levels of security. VPNs provide superior privacy and security by creating encrypted tunnels for all network traffic, while proxies simply act as intermediaries for specific applications without inherent security features. Understanding the differences between these technologies helps in choosing the right solution for your networking needs, whether for privacy, security, or simple content access. What is a Virtual Private Network (VPN)? A Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates a secure, encrypted connection between a ...

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Difference between WAN and a WWAN

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 2K+ Views

A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that spans large geographical areas, connecting multiple Local Area Networks (LANs) across cities, states, or countries. A Wireless WAN (WWAN) is a specific type of WAN that exclusively uses wireless communication technologies to establish these connections. What is a WAN? A WAN connects multiple locations across vast geographic areas, which may span states, countries, or even continents. It can be owned by a single organization or provide public access through service providers. WANs utilize both wired and wireless transmission media to establish connectivity. Types − Switched ...

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Difference between LAN and a WLAN

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 16K+ Views

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a privately owned network that spans a smaller geographical area, typically restricted to a few kilometers. LANs are commonly used in offices, residences, hospitals, and schools, with setup and management being relatively straightforward. While traditional wired LANs transmit data over Ethernet cables, a Wireless LAN (WLAN) enables connected devices to transmit data through Wi-Fi technology. Mobile users can connect to a WLAN through wireless connections, following the IEEE 802.11 group of standards that describe technologies for wireless LANs. What is a LAN? A Local Area Network (LAN) is a private network ...

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Difference between Cluster Computing and Grid Computing

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 11K+ Views

A cluster computer refers to a network of same type of computers whose target is to work as one collaborative unit. Such a network is used when a resource-hungry task requires high-computing power or memory. Two or more same types of computers are clubbed together to make a cluster and perform the task. Grid computing refers to a network of same or different types of computers whose target is to provide an environment where a task can be performed by multiple computers together on need basis. Each computer can work independently as well. Cluster ...

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Difference between Twisted Pair Cable, Co-axial Cable and Optical Fibre Cable

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 20K+ Views

In the field of computer networking, wired communication remains one of the most efficient and reliable methods for data transmission. Three primary types of cables dominate the networking landscape: twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fiber cables. Each cable type has distinct characteristics that make it suitable for specific applications and environments. What is a Twisted Pair Cable? A twisted pair cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together in a helical pattern. This twisting technique is fundamental to reducing electromagnetic interference and crosstalk between adjacent wire pairs. When external noise affects the cable, it impacts ...

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Difference Between Streaming and Downloading

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 2K+ Views

Streaming refers to the process of viewing content held on a remote server in real-time, whereas downloading is the process in which all data is transferred completely to your device before it can be viewed. Understanding the difference between these two methods of content delivery is crucial in today's digital landscape, as each approach offers distinct advantages and limitations. What is Streaming? Streaming is the process of viewing content that is stored on a remote system (server) rather than on a client workstation. The content is delivered continuously over the internet and played immediately. ...

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Differences between POP3 and IMAP

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 5K+ Views

POP3 and IMAP are the most widely used standard protocols for email retrieval. Both protocols are supported by almost all current email clients and servers. Understanding their differences is crucial for choosing the right email setup for your needs. What is POP3? Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) is an application layer protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from mail servers over TCP/IP networks. POP3 operates on a simple principle: download messages from the server to the local device, typically removing them from the server afterward. POP3 uses port 110 for standard connections and ...

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Differences between Pure Aloha and Slotted Aloha

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 59K+ Views

The Aloha Protocol allows several stations to send data frames over the same communication channel at the same time. This protocol is a straightforward communication method in which each network station is given equal priority and works independently. Aloha is a medium access control (MAC) protocol for transmission of data via a shared network channel. Using this protocol, several data streams originating from multiple nodes are transferred through a multi-point transmission channel. There are two types of Aloha protocols − Pure Aloha and Slotted Aloha. In this article, we will highlight the major differences between these two protocols ...

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Difference Between Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat Protocol

Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Kiran Kumar Panigrahi
Updated on 16-Mar-2026 23K+ Views

Go-Back-N is a data link layer protocol that uses a sliding window method for reliable and sequential delivery of data frames. It has a sender window size of N and receiver window size of 1, meaning it can send N frames before requiring acknowledgment but processes frames sequentially at the receiver. Selective Repeat Protocol is also a data link layer protocol that uses sliding window method for reliable delivery of data frames. Here, only the erroneous or lost frames are retransmitted, while correctly received frames are buffered and processed out-of-order. Both protocols belong to the family of Automatic ...

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