SolutionThe first number the production as below −Step1− Construct Augmented Grammar(0) S′ → S(1) S → A a(2) S → b A c(3) S → d c(4) S → b d a(5) A → dStep2− Find Closure & goto. Find the canonical set of LR (1) items for the Grammar.In ... Read More

SolutionInitially, LR Parser in state 0.Put $ at the end of the string, i.e., id * id + id $.StackInput StringReason0id ∗ id + idAction [0, id] = s5 ∴ Shift id and state 50 id 5∗ id + id $Action [5, ∗] = r6. ∴ Reduce by F → ... Read More

Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA)Deterministic means that on each input there is one and only one state to which the automata can have the transition from its current state. In deterministic finite automata, the head can move only in one direction to scan the input tape symbols. But in the case ... Read More

An Activation Record is a data structure that is activated/ created when a procedure/function is invoked, and it includes the following data about the function.Activation Record in 'C' language consist ofActual ParametersNumber of ArgumentsReturn AddressReturn ValueOld Stack Pointer (SP)Local Data in a function or procedureHere, Old SP stores the value ... Read More

ListsIt is conceptually simplest and easy to implement a data structure for the symbol table in a linear list of records, as shown below −It can use an individual array to store the name and its associated information. New Names are inserted to the list in the order in which ... Read More

Search TreeA more effective technique to symbol table organization is to add two link fields, LEFT and RIGHT, to every record. We use these fields to link the records into a binary search tree.This tree has the property that all names NAME (j) accessible from NAME (i) by following the ... Read More

An access link is a pointer to each activation record that obtains a direct implementation of lexical scope for nested procedures. In other words, an access link is used to implement lexically scoped language. An “access line” can be required to place data required by the called procedure.An improved scheme ... Read More

Representing scope information is a concept in which the scope of each variable name is preserved in the symbol table so that we can use the same name in different blocks and different locations. Representing name in symbol table along with an indicator of the block in which it appears.Suppose ... Read More

Representing scope information is a concept in which the scope of each variable name is preserved in the symbol table so that we can use the same name in different blocks and different locations.Representing Scope Information involvesA lifetime of a variable in a particular block.Representing name in symbol table along ... Read More

During compilation, the symbol table is searched each time an identifier is encountered. Data are added if a new name or new information about an existing name is find. Thus, in designing a symbol table structure, it would like a scheme that enables us to insert new entries and identify ... Read More