Circuit Switching is a dedicated connection path between the sending and receiving devices. The dedicated route is a connected series of connections between the switching nodes.A traditional mobile network, where a dedicated route is established between the caller and the called party for the span of a mobile call, is ... Read More

When a client creates the web or another computer network which is external to their current position, the messages are transmitted by the transmission media web. This method of shifting the data from one computer network to another network is called data switching.Switches can be called as an advanced form ... Read More

An asynchronous TDM is also called as a Statistical TDM. ATDM has been designed to solve the problem of wastage of the multiplexed channels in synchronous TDM.In ATDM, if there are n input lines, then each slot can contain m frames, where m is less than n, as shown in ... Read More

In the Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing (STDM), the multiplexer assigns an equal time slot to every device at all times, whether or not a device has anything to send. Time slot A, for instance, is authorised to device A alone and cannot be used by any other device.Each time is ... Read More

The Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is done only in fiber optic channels. In WDM, several light waves from multiple sources are connected by using a prism to form a composite light signal sent across the medium.At the receiver end, the hybrid light is broken down into different light waves, and ... Read More

Multiplexing is an approach of broadcasting signals from multiple sources over an individual transmission medium for maximum use and storing its value. The electronic device that performs this function is called a multiplexer.The diagram given below shows a multiplexer that receives three input lines and deflects them to an individual ... Read More

The electromagnetic waves having frequencies from 300 GHz to 400 THz (wavelengths from 1mm to 770 nm) are referred to as infrared (IR) waves. IR uses line-of-sight propagation.Infrared light is a transmission channel whose features are necessarily different from those of the radio frequencies. A fundamental property of infrared light ... Read More

OSI represents Open System Interconnection. It was produced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) located in Geneva, Switzerland, and the consultative committee for international Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT).OSI was created to develop a frequent standard of network structure throughout the globe. It supports a general idea of inter-process communication so ... Read More

This is the highest layer of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) architecture. The application program's layer view is a user-oriented layer that offers the services to the end-user of a web.A message to be transmitted across the web introduces the OSI model and then traverses down into the physical layer. ... Read More

The presentation layer changes the data from an application layer into the device native internal mathematical structure and encodes communicated information into a displayable output format.It executes the code changes, document compressions, security encryption, etc. It also defines the data as per the software/hardware environment of the hub. For instance, ... Read More