An ultimate form of multiplexing used in parts of the cellular telephone system and for some satellite communication is called Code Division Multiplexing (CDM). The specific version of CDM used in cell phones is called Code Division Multi-Access (CDMA).CDM does not rely on physical properties, including frequency or time. It ... Read More

A transmission system is classified as asynchronous if the system enables the physical channel to be useless for an arbitrary time between two transmissions. The asynchronous design of communication is well-appropriated to applications that create data at random (e.g., a user classifying on a keyboard or a user that press ... Read More

The alternative to parallel transmission, called serial transmission, sends one bit at a time. With the importance of speed, it may seem that anyone designing a data communications system would choose parallel transmission. However, most communication systems use serial mode.Following are the two main reasons for serial transmission−First, serial networks ... Read More

FDDI stands for Fiber Distributed Data Interface. It is a collection of ANSI and ISO standards for data transmission on fiber-optic lines in a local area network (LAN) that can broaden in the range up to 200 km (124 miles). The FDDI protocol depends on the token ring protocol.FDDI cabling ... Read More

The error-reporting message defines that the router encounters a problem when it processes an IP packet, then it reports a message. Error messages are continually transmitted to the original source because the only data possible in the datagram around the route is the source and destination IP addresses.The error reporting ... Read More

IEEE 802.3 StandardThe IEEE 802.3 standard is popularly called as Ethernet or CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect). Ethernet is a LAN architecture developed by XEROX and extended by DEC, IC and Xerox. It is specified by IEEE 802.3, and it defines two categories such as Baseband and Broadband.Standard Ethernet ... Read More

Microsoft released this version in February 2000. It is the desktop operating system for X86 Architecture. Its versions are Windows 2000 server, Windows 2000 Datacenter server.The minimum requirement for installation is a Pentium processor, 32MB main memory, 650 MB of free hard disk storage are needed. Microsoft had planned to ... Read More

GSMGSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. It is a digital mobile communication standard, which is used for transmitting and receiving data and voice signals over a network. It is also known as the second-generation standard for mobile networks or telecommunication, and it operates on a wedge spectrum.GSM needs ... Read More

CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access. It is a channel access method which is used by several radio communication technologies. It is a digital cellular technology and an example of multiple access. It is generally used for mobile communication.Multiple access means that several transmitters can send information simultaneously over ... Read More

NASNAS stands for Network Attached Storage. It is storage devices that are linked to a network and provide file access services to computer systems. These devices generally include an engine that executes the file services and one or more devices on which data is stored. NAS uses file access protocols, ... Read More