There are two types of operations of ILP-Processors such as Pipelined Processors and VLIW and Superscalar Processors. Pipelined Processors work like an assembly line, both VLIW and Superscalar processors operate basically in parallel, making use of several concurrently working EUs as shown in the figure −In describing the principle of ... Read More

The evolution of Von Neumann processors can be attributed to two areas of development improvement in technology, marked by increasing clock rates and the functional evolution of processors. Functional evolution has been achieved primarily by increasing the degree of parallelism of the internal operations, the issues, and the execution of ... Read More

There are two methods of exploiting parallelism in parallel computer architecture are as follows −PipeliningIn pipelining, several functional units are working in sequence to implement a single computation. These functional units form an assembly line or pipeline. Each functional unit describes a specific phase of the computation and each computation ... Read More

Flynn’s classic taxonomy (Flynn, 1966) depends on the number of control units and the multiple processors available in a computer. Flynn’s introduced the following notions −Single Instruction StreamSingle Instruction stream means that architecture has a single control unit generating a single stream of instruction abbreviated as single instruction SI.Multiple Instruction ... Read More

There are various types of Parallelism in Computer Architecture which are as follows −Available and Utilized ParallelismParallelism is the most important topics in computing. Architectures, compilers, and operating frameworks have been striving for more than two decades to extract and use as much parallelism as available to speed up computation.Available ... Read More

Concurrency ExecutionIt is the sensual behavior of the N-Client I-Server model where one client is served at any provided moment. This model has dual characteristics. It is sequential on a small time scale, but together on a rather large time scale.In this method, the elementary problem is how the competing ... Read More

There are three different layers of abstraction in computer system such as the concrete architecture at the system level, the abstract and concrete architecture at the processor level, and the abstract and concrete architecture at the micro-machine level. Let us discuss each level one by one.Concrete Architecture of Computer SystemsAt ... Read More

The shortest path routing algorithm is an extensively set up non-adaptive routing algorithm that routes a packet dependent on Dijkstra's important shortest path algorithm. In this methodology, packets that appear at a node take one of the shortest paths to a specific destination on the system.The shortcoming of this manner ... Read More

ATM is a connection-oriented network at a point where the sender or user which access devices are known as end-point, these end-points connected through a user to network interface (UNI) to the switches on the network, these switches provide a network to network interface (NNI).The architecture of the ATM is ... Read More

ATM stands for Asynchronous transfer mode. It is a switching technique used by telecommunication networks that uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing to encode data into small, fixed-sized cells. ATMs can be used for efficient data transfer over highspeed data networks. ATM provides real-time and non-real-time services.ServicesThe services provided by ATM are ... Read More