Introduction Beetles are found everywhere around us. They are very common insects. Beetles belong to the insect order Coleoptera. They can be easily identified by their hard armour-the elytra, giving the appearance of a big nut. Characteristics of Beetles Some of the key features of Beetles are as described ... Read More

Introduction Bioluminescence is an example of chemiluminescence or light emission by chemical reaction in a living organism. ‘Bioluminescence’ is derived from Greek- ‘bio’ means living and ‘lumen’ means ‘light’. It is an enzyme-catalysed reaction, a process of conversion of light energy into chemical energy. The Greeks and Romans were the ... Read More

Introduction Social insects are more advantageous with respect to solitary insects over solitary insects. Many individuals in the colony increase systematic functioning, organised and efficient working, sharing information through specialised communication about the food resources. It helps in the foraging of the colony, in many cases retaining the memory of ... Read More

Introduction Archaea and bacteria are both unicellular prokaryotic cells and both can survive in extreme conditions. Despite that, they have different structures and different reproduction methods. Archaea are not pathogenesis but there are many bacteria that can cause illness. Archaea and bacteria do not have a nucleus or membrane-possessed organelles. ... Read More

Introduction Auxin and Gibberellin both are a type of plant hormones that occurs naturally and synthesises artificially. These hormones help the plant in the plant growth processes like flowering, root initiation, organogenesis and many more. Both of these hormones fall under the category of phytohormones. They also have major roles ... Read More

Introduction Axon and dendrite are the two major parts of neurons those work to transfer information. Dendrites has short branches than axon and that is a major difference between these two parts of the neuron. The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous systems are the two main parts of ... Read More

Introduction Metamorphosis can be defined as "a process of profound postembryonic reorganization of tissues which usually prepares an animal for the rest of its life in a different habitat." Metamorphosis is regulated by juvenile hormone secreted from the insect’s brain. Juvenile hormone secretion causes moulting of the insect and results ... Read More

Introduction Thousands of plant pathogens are known to affect plants. Generally, these plant pathogens are viruses, but they can also be bacteria, fungi, or parasitic nematodes. Most of the vectors of plant pathogens are sucking insects feeding on plant juices of the suborder Homoptera under order Hemiptera. The small stylets ... Read More

Introduction Our demand for food is increasing with the increasing human population. To cope with this situation, our agriculture system needs more food production through a sustainable management system. Pollinators play the most vital role in food production. Ways of Pollination Out of 115 leading global crops of human ... Read More

Introduction Mimicry can be described as the phenomenon of resemblance in physical characteristics or behavioural traits of an animal with a different animal species, usually of different taxa to gain a selective advantage in its environment. Camouflage, on the other hand, refers to the animal species resembling a non-living or ... Read More