Hardware, Software, Data, Database Access Language, Procedures and Users all together form the components of a DBMS.Let us discuss the components one by one clearly.HardwareThe hardware is the actual computer system used for keeping and accessing the database. The conventional DBMS hardware consists of secondary storage devices such as hard ... Read More

Token bucket algorithm is one of the techniques for congestion control algorithms. When too many packets are present in the network it causes packet delay and loss of packet which degrades the performance of the system. This situation is called congestion.The network layer and transport layer share the responsibility for ... Read More

An interrupt is a signal from a device attached to a computer or from a program within the computer that requires the operating system to stop and figure out what to do next.Interrupt systems are nothing but while the CPU can process the programs if the CPU needs any IO ... Read More

The Database Management System (DBMS) is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.It is a collection of programs used for managing data and simultaneously it supports different types of users to create, manage, retrieve, ... Read More

ProblemSort the given array in descending or ascending order based on the code that has been written.SolutionAn array is a group of related data items which share’s a common name. A particular value in an array is identified with the help of its "index number".Declaring arrayThe syntax for declaring an ... Read More

Most of the commercial systems do not have a well-defined structure, Operating systems are small, simple and limited systems. MS-DOS is a simple structure of operating system only limited users can use operating system for a particular purpose.ExampleMS-DOSGiven below is the diagram of MS-DOS −The above simple structure of the ... Read More

Sorting is the process of arranging the elements either in ascending (or) descending order.Types of sortingC language provides five sorting techniques, which are as follows −Bubble sort (or) Exchange SortSelection sortInsertion sort (or) Linear sortQuick sort (or) Partition exchange sortMerge Sort (or) External sortQuick sortIt is a divide and conquer ... Read More

ProblemApplying the software development method to solve any problem in C Language.SolutionFind roots of a quadratic equation, ax2+bx+c.There will be 2 roots for given quadratic equation.AnalysisInput − a, b, c valuesOutput − r1, r2 valuesProcedure$r_{1}=\frac{-b+\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$$r_{2}=\frac{-b-\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$Design (Algorithm)StartRead a, b, c valuesCompute d = b2 4acif d > 0 thenr1 = b+ ... Read More

PL/SQL is oracle’s procedural language extension to SQL. PL/SQL allows you to mix SQL statements with procedural statements like IF statements. Looping structure etc, PL/SQL is the superset of SQL. It uses SQL for data retrieval and manipulation and uses its own statement for data processing.Pl/SQL program units are generally ... Read More

If any transaction that performs a dirty read operation from an uncommitted transaction and also its committed operation becomes delayed till the uncommitted transaction is either committed or rollback such type of schedules is called as Recoverable Schedules.Types of recoverable schedulesThere are three types of recoverable schedules which are explained ... Read More