The Data Link layer is located between physical and network layers. It provides services to the Network layer and it receives services from the physical layer. The scope of the data link layer is node-to-node.The following are the design issues in the Data Link Layer −The services that are provided ... Read More

Multiprogramming OS is an ability of an operating system that executes more than one program using a single processor machine.More than one task or program or jobs are present inside the main memory at one point of time.Buffering and spooling can overlap I/O and CPU tasks to improve the system ... Read More

When too many packets are present in the network it causes packet delay and loss of packet which degrades the performance of the system. This situation is called congestion.The network layer and transport layer share the responsibility for handling congestions. One of the most effective ways to control congestion is ... Read More

Query is a question or requesting information. Query language is a language which is used to retrieve information from a database.Query language is divided into two types −Procedural languageNon-procedural languageProcedural languageInformation is retrieved from the database by specifying the sequence of operations to be performed.For Example: Relational algebra.Structure Query language ... Read More

The Database Management System (DBMS) is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.It is a collection of programs used for managing data and simultaneously it supports different types of users to create, manage, retrieve, ... Read More

An array of structure in C programming is a collection of different datatype variables, grouped together under a single name.General form of structure declarationThe structural declaration is as follows −struct tagname{    datatype member1;    datatype member2;    datatype member n; };Here, struct is the keyword    tagname specifies name ... Read More

The structured query language (SQL) commands deal with the manipulation of data present in the database that belongs to the DML or Data Manipulation Language. This includes most of the SQL statements.Examples of DMLThe examples of DML in the Database Management System (DBMS) are as follows −SELECT − Retrieve data ... Read More

In C programming language, generally, the special symbols have some special meaning and they cannot be used for other purposes.Some of the special symbols that are used in C programming are as follows −[] () {}, ; * = #Let’s understand their definitions, which are as follows −Brackets[] − Opening ... Read More

Structure is a collection of different datatype variables, grouped together under a single name.Features of structureThe features of structure in the C programming language are as follows −It is possible to copy the contents of all the structure elements of different datatypes to another structure variable of its type by ... Read More

A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.AlgorithmGiven below is an algorithm to print multiplication table by using for loop in C language −Step 1: Enter a number to print table at runtime. ... Read More