A Turing machine (TM) with several tapes is called a multi tape Turing machine.Every tape’s have their own Read/Write headFor N-tape Turing MachineM={( Q, X, ∑, δ, q0, B, F)}We define Multi-tape Turing machine as k-tapes with k-tape heads moving independently (generalisation of multi-track Turing machines).δ=QxXN ->Q x XN x ... Read More

Two stacks push down automata (PDA) includes the following factors −A Turing machine can accept languages that are not accepted by any PDA with one stack.The strength of pushdown automata is increased by adding extra stacks.A PDA with two stacks has the same computation power as for a Turing Machine.Two-Stack ... Read More

Non-determinism like in PDA (partially NFA) for one input configuration has several possible outputs.The non-deterministic TM is like TM but with a finite number of choices of moves; may have more than 1 move with the same input “current state & current symbol”.The non-deterministic TM accepts the input w if ... Read More

A Turing machine (TM) can be formally described as seven tuples −(Q, X, ∑, δ, q0, B, F)Where, Q is a finite set of states.X is the tape alphabet.∑ is the input alphabet.δ is a transition function: δ:QxX->QxXx{left shift, right shift}.q0 is the initial state.B is the blank symbol.F is ... Read More

A Turing machine (TM) can be formally described as seven tuples −(Q, X, ∑, δ, q0, B, F)Where, Q is a finite set of states.X is the tape alphabet.∑ is the input alphabet.δ is a transition function:δ:QxX->QxXx{left shift, right shift}.q0 is the initial state.B is the blank symbol.F is the ... Read More

A Turing machine (TM) can be formally described as seven tuples −(Q, X, ∑, δ, q0, B, F)Where, Q is a finite set of states.X is the tape alphabet.∑ is the input alphabet.δ is a transition function: 𝛿:QxX->QxXx{left shift, right shift}.q0 is the initial state.B is the blank symbol.F is ... Read More

A Turing machine is a seven tuples(Q, Σ, Γ, δ, q0, qacc, qrej)Where, Q is finite number of statesΣ is the input alphabet does not contain the blank symbol t;Γ is the tape alphabet, where t ε Γ and Σ ⊆ Γ;δ: (Q × Γ) → (Q × Γ × ... Read More

Generally in different finite automata a number is represented in binary format.Example − 2- 010     3- 011     4- 100But in case of addition using the Turing machine the system follows a unary format.Example − 2- 11 or 00     3- 111 or 000     4- 1111 or 0000In ... Read More

2’s complement of binary numbers can be done by using two approaches.Adding 1’s complement+1Traverse bits from left to right, find the 1st 1 bit then reverse all the bits after the 1 bit.ExampleLet the input be 1110010Thus, after performing 2’s complement, the output will be as follows −Output − 0001110Coming ... Read More

1’s complement means transforming the 0 bit to 1 and the 1 bit to 0.Let the input be −B00101110BThe output is as follows −B11010001BConceptThe concept is explained below −Step 1 − Start scanning the input from left to right.Step 2 − If the R/W is at 1, then make it ... Read More