Introduction Fine chemicals are complex, highly purified compounds used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of drugs, cosmetics, and food additives. The demand for fine chemicals has been steadily increasing over the years, owing to their crucial role in the manufacturing of high-quality pharmaceuticals. The production of fine chemicals ... Read More

Introduction Bioreactors are an essential part of bioprocessing, where they are used to cultivate microorganisms or cells and produce desired products. Bioreactors can be categorized based on their design, mode of operation, and type of organisms or cells cultivated. Packed bed bioreactors are a type of bioreactor commonly used in ... Read More

Introduction A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of biological wastewater treatment technology that employs a unique and innovative method for removing organic pollutants and nitrogenous compounds from wastewater. This technology is based on the use of a suspended biomass carrier, which is referred to as “biofilm media” ... Read More

A Farther Insight Microencapsulation is a technology that has been used for several decades in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. It involves the process of enclosing tiny particles or droplets within a protective shell to create a new substance with unique properties. The technology has gained a lot of ... Read More

Introduction Microencapsulation is a process of enclosing tiny droplets of substances within a coating or shell to protect and deliver them to a target site. This technique has gained tremendous popularity in recent years as it offers many advantages over conventional delivery systems. Microencapsulation is a highly versatile technique ... Read More

Introduction Liquor, also known as distilled spirits, is an alcoholic beverage made by distilling fermented grains, fruits, or vegetables. The distillation process removes impurities and increases the alcohol content of the original liquid. Liquor has been consumed for centuries and is a popular beverage around the world. Discussed below is ... Read More

Introduction Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction or partitioning, is a widely used separation technique in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries. The technique involves the separation of a mixture of two or more liquids, based on their relative solubilities in two immiscible liquids, typically an organic solvent ... Read More

Introduction Enzymes are complex biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in many metabolic pathways in the body, including digestion, energy production, and DNA replication. Because of their specificity and efficiency, enzymes have found numerous industrial applications, from food and beverage processing to ... Read More

Introduction Food drying is an ancient technique that has been used for centuries to preserve food. It involves removing the moisture from the food, which in turn, prevents the growth of bacteria and mold. Drying food not only extends the shelf life of food but also helps to retain the ... Read More

Introduction Drying is an essential unit operation in bioprocess engineering that involves the removal of moisture or water from a product. In bioprocessing, drying is a critical step because it helps to preserve the quality and stability of the product, prevent microbial growth, and enhance shelf-life. Addressed below are the ... Read More