The coding standards i.e., the style guide for Python are provided by a document called PEP8. The PEP8 is Python Enhancement Proposal 8. It is a document that provides coding conventions for the Python code. Here’s the style guide − Naming Conventions The following are the currently recommended naming standard. ... Read More

To test a Python program, use the unittest module in Pygthon. The doctest and unittest modules or third-party test frameworks can be used to construct exhaustive test suites that exercise every line of code in a module. The doctest module The doctest module searches for pieces of text that look ... Read More

Python allow commas at the end of lists and tuples. It is optional and makes the items more readable and you can reorder the items without getting any error. You don’t need to remember again and again to add a trailing comma after every item, if you add a comma ... Read More

The colon is required for all these keywords, if, while, def, class, etc in Python to enhance readability. The colon makes it easier for editors with syntax highlighting i.e. they can look for colons to decide when indentation needs to be increased. Let’s see an example of an if statement ... Read More

Python definitely has a with statement. It wraps the execution of a block, calling code on the entrance and exit from the block. Some languages have a construct like the below − with obj: a = 1 total = total + 1 The ... Read More

The r in r-strings means raw strings. String literals may optionally be prefixed with a letter 'r' or 'R'; such strings are called raw strings and use different rules for interpreting backslash escape sequences. When an 'r' or 'R' prefix is present, a character following a backslash is included in ... Read More

Yes, there is no goto statement in Python. Let us first understand what is a goto in C Language. However, the usage of goto is also discouraged in C. The goto statement in C programming provides an unconditional jump from the 'goto' to a labelled statement in the same function. ... Read More

Let us first see what is an interface spec. The interface spec is an interface specification for a module provided by programming languages such as C++ and Java. It describes the prototypes for the methods and functions of the module. The abc module The abc module introduced in Python 2.6 ... Read More

Example In this example, let’s first see the usage of list.sort() before moving further. Here, we have created a List and sorted in Ascending order using the sort() method − # Creating a List myList = ["Jacob", "Harry", "Mark", "Anthony"] # Displaying the List print("List = ", myList) ... Read More

To understand why dictionary keys must be immutable. Let us related it to hash table. The hash table implementation of dictionaries uses a hash value calculated from the key value to find the key. If let’s say the key was a mutable object, its value could change, and thus its ... Read More