We are accustomed to using the * symbol to represent multiplication, but when the operand on the left side of the * is a list, it becomes the repetition operator. The repetition operator makes multiple copies of a list and joins them all together. Lists can be created using the ... Read More

To measure time elapsed during program's execution, either use time.clock() or time.time() functions. The python docs state that this function should be used for benchmarking purposes. exampleimport time t0= time.clock() print("Hello") t1 = time.clock() - t0 print("Time elapsed: ", t1) # CPU seconds elapsed (floating point)OutputThis will give the output −Time ... Read More

We can derive a class from multiple parent classes as follows −class A:        # define your class A ..... class B:         # define your class B ..... class C(A, B):   # subclass of A and B .....We can use isinstance() function to ... Read More

We can derive a class from multiple parent classes as follows −class A:        # define your class A ..... class B:         # define your class B ..... class C(A, B):   # subclass of A and B .....We can use issubclass() function to ... Read More

We have the classes A and B defined as follows −class A(object): pass class B(A): passExampleA can be proved to be a super class of B in two ways as followsclass A(object):pass class B(A):pass print issubclass(B, A) # Here we use the issubclass() method to check if B is subclass ... Read More

Inheritance in classesInstead of defining a class afresh, we can create a class by deriving it from a preexisting class by listing the parent class in parentheses after the new class name.The child class inherits the attributes of its parent class, and we can use those attributes as if they ... Read More

A class attribute is an attribute of the class rather than an attribute of an instance of the class.In the code below class_var is a class attribute, and i_var is an instance attribute: All instances of the class have access to class_var, which can also be accessed as a property ... Read More

The getattr() methodThe getattr() method returns the value of the named attribute of an object. If not found, it returns the default value provided to the function.SyntaxThe syntax of getattr() method is −getattr(object, name[, default])The getattr() method can take multiple parameters −The getattr() method returns −value of the named attribute ... Read More

Python delattr()The delattr() deletes an attribute from the object if the object allows it.SyntaxThe syntax of delattr() is −delattr(object, name)The delattr() method takes two parameters −The delattr() doesn't return any value (returns None). It only removes an attribute (if object allows it).Exampleclass Coordinate:   x = 12   ... Read More

The setattr() methodThe setattr() method sets the value of given attribute of an object.SyntaxThe syntax of setattr() method is −setattr(object, name, value)The setattr() method takes three parameters −The setattr() method returns None.Exampleclass Male:     name = 'Abel' x = Male() print('Before modification:', x.name) # setting name to 'Jason' setattr(x, ... Read More