Errors and Error Correcting CodesErrors occurs when bits get corrupted while transmission over the computer network, due to interference and network problems.Error-correcting codes (ECC) are a sequence of numbers generated by specific algorithms for detecting and removing errors in data that has been transmitted over noisy channels. Error correcting codes ... Read More

A challenging task in error correction is decoding the codewords that have been received via noisy channels. Before data is transmitted, the sender adds redundant bits or parity bits to the message forming codewords. The codewords are then transmitted via computer networks. The receiver checks the incoming codewords and performs ... Read More

Streams in Java have a few terminal operations. They are as follows −collect − The collect method returns the outcome of the intermediate operationsList id = Arrays.asList(“Classes", "Methods", "Members"); List output = id.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("M")).collect(Collectors.toList());reduce − The reduce method is reduces the elements of a stream into a single element ... Read More

The StringBuffer append() method appends the String representation of the particular argument to the sequence. It is a method of the java.lang.StringBuffer class. This method returns a reference to the object.The method changes the value of the object called in the method. Each primitive data type will have a separate ... Read More

The capacity() method is a method of the StringBuffer class . It returns the quantity of storage present for recently inserted characters, after which an allocation occurs.Declaration-The java.lang.StringBuffer.capacity() method is declared as follows−public int capacity()Let us see an example program showing how to get the capacity of the StringBuffer Object.Example Live ... Read More

To get the arc sine of a given value in Java, we use the java.lang.Math.asin() method. The asin() method accepts a double value whose angle needs to be computed. The range of the angle returned lies in the range -pi/2 to pi/2. If the argument is NaN, then the result ... Read More

Before moving onto their conversions, let us learn about Unicode and UTF-8.Unicode is an international standard of character encoding which has the capability of representing a majority of written languages all over the globe. Unicode uses hexadecimal to represent a character. Unicode is a 16-bit character encoding system. The lowest ... Read More

In order to check if a String has only unicode digits or space in Java, we use the isDigit() method and the charAt() method with decision making statements.The isDigit(int codePoint) method determines whether the specific character (Unicode codePoint) is a digit. It returns a boolean value, either true or false.Declaration ... Read More

In order to place stack trace into a String in Java, we use the java.io.StringWriter and java.io.PrintWriter classes. In a catch block, after catching the exception, we print the stack trace by printStackTrace() method and write it into the writer and then use the ToString() method to convert it into ... Read More

In order to get the ceiling value of a number in Java, we use the java.lang.Math.ceil() method. The Math.ceil() method returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) double value which is greater than or equal to the parameter and has a value which is equal to a mathematical integer on ... Read More