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Articles by Chandu yadav
Page 39 of 81
Value parameters vs Reference parameters vs Output Parameters in C#
Value parametersThe value parameters copy the actual value of an argument into the formal parameter of the function. In this case, changes made to the parameter inside the function have no effect on the argument.This is the default mechanism for passing parameters to a method. In this mechanism, when a method is called, a new storage location is created for each value parameter.The values of the actual parameters are copied into them. Hence, the changes made to the parameter inside the method have no effect on the argument.Reference ParametersA reference parameter is a reference to a memory location of a ...
Read MoreWhat is a static class in C#?
The C# static class cannot be instantiated and can only have only static members. The static class in C# is sealed and cannot contain instance constructors.The following is an example with static class and static members −Exampleusing System; public static class Demo { public static float PI = 3.14f; public static int calc(int n){return n*n;} } class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("PI: "+Demo.PI); Console.WriteLine("Square: " + Demo.calc(3)); } }Above, the static class is −public static class Demo { public static float PI ...
Read MoreWhat are the hidden features of C#?
The following are the hidden or lesser known useful features of C# −Lambda ExpressionsA lambda expression in C# describes a pattern. It has the token => in an expression context. This is called goes to operator and used when a lambda expression is declared.NullablesC# provides a special data types, the nullable types, to which you can assign normal range of values as well as null values. The following is the syntax − ? = null;Null Coalescing OperatorThe null coalescing operator is used with the nullable value types and reference types. It is used for converting an operand to the ...
Read MoreWhat are reference data types in C#?
The reference data type in C# does not have the actual data stored in a variable, but they contain a reference to the variables.In C#, the following are the built-in reference types −Object TypeThe Object Type is the ultimate base class for all data types in C# Common Type System (CTS). The object types can be assigned values of any other types, value types, reference types, predefined or user-defined types.Exampleobject ob; ob = 250; // boxingDynamic TypeStore any type of value in the dynamic data type variable. Type checking for these types of variables takes place at run-time.Exampledynamic d = ...
Read MoreWhat are mixed arrays in C#?
Mixed arrays are a combination of multi-dimension arrays and jagged arrays.Note − The mixed arrays type is obsolete now since .NET 4.0 update removed it.Let us see how you can declare a mixed array −var x = new object[] {89, 45, "jacob", 9.8}We can also set them as −var x = new object[] {87, 33, "tim", 6.7, new List() {"football", "tennis", "squash", “cricket”} }Since, mixed arrays are obslete now. For the same work, use the List collection. Here, we have set int and string in the list −Tuple tuple = new Tuple(60, "John");The same example is displayed below:using System; using ...
Read MoreWhat are I/O classes in C#?
The System.IO namespace has various classes useful for performing various operations with files, such as creating and deleting files, reading from or writing to a file, closing a file etc.The following are the I/O classes in C# −Sr.No.I/O Class & Description1BinaryReaderReads primitive data from a binary stream.2BinaryWriterWrites primitive data in binary format.3BufferedStreamA temporary storage for a stream of bytes.4DirectoryHelps in manipulating a directory structure.5DirectoryInfoUsed for performing operations on directories.6DriveInfoProvides information for the drives.7FileHelps in manipulating files.8FileInfoUsed for performing operations on files.9FileStreamUsed to read from and write to any location in a file.10MemoryStreamUsed for random access to streamed data stored in ...
Read MoreWhat are the C++ features missing in C#?
C# is a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft within its .NET initiative led by Anders Hejlsberg.C++ is a middle-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs. C++ runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX.The following are some of the features of C++ missing in C# −In C#, Multiple Inheritance is not possible, whereas C++ can easily implement Multiple Inheritance.In C++, you need to manage memory manually and must allocate and deallocate memory for your objects.C++ can create standalone applications, whereas C# ...
Read MoreHow to declare a tuple in C#?
To declare a tuple the following is the format wherein we have a tuple with int and string items −Tuple tuple = new Tuple(20, "Tom");Now, check for first item in the tuple, which is an integer −if (tuple.Item1 == 99) { Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item1); }Now check for second item in the tuple, which is a string − if (tuple.Item2 == "Tim") { Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item2); }The following is an example to create a tuple with string and int items −using System; using System.Threading; namespace Demo { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { ...
Read MoreTransform the element along with x-axis and y-axis with CSS
Use the translate(x,y) method to transform the element along with x-axis and y-axis.Let us see the syntaxtranslate(x,y)Here, x is a length representing the x-coordinate of the translating vector.y is a length representing the ordinate of the translating vectorLet us see an examplediv { width: 50px; height: 50px; background-color: orange; } .trans { transform: translate(20px); background-color: black; }
Read MoreWhat is garbage collection in C#?
The garbage collector (GC) manages the allocation and release of memory. The garbage collector serves as an automatic memory manager.You do not need to know how to allocate and release memory or manage the lifetime of the objects that use that memory.An allocation is made any time you declare an object with a “new” keyword or a value type is boxed. Allocations are typically very fast.When there isn’t enough memory to allocate an object, the GC must collect and dispose of garbage memory to make memory available for new allocations.This process is known as garbage collection.Garbage Collection in C# has ...
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