Introduction The British established and founded the educational system, which has a Western aesthetic and curriculum, in the 20th century. William Adam first came up with it in 1813. He travelled to Calcutta to learn more about the system of Indian education that Christian missionaries had established. According to British records, there was a school for every temple, mosque, and village throughout most of the country in the 18th century. Reading, writing, arithmetic, theology, law, astronomy, metaphysics, ethics, medical science, and religion were among the disciplines covered in class according to the new rule. Students from all social classes in ... Read More

Introduction The Indian tribal society is one of the most complex social structures in the world. There are more than 550 tribes in India spread across states and union territories. These tribal groups practice a very different culture from the rest of India. We can find a primitive economic organization based on hunting, gathering, shifting cultivation, and settled agriculture as well. Despite these differences, the Indian government since independence has taken various steps to safeguard the tribal’s interests. However, the Britishers did not care one bit about the tribals. These groups suffered enormously and the anger often resulted in revolts. ... Read More

Introduction By the middle of the eighteenth century, Mysore emerged as a powerful kingdom under the leadership of Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan. They posed a serious threat to the English East India company’s commercial and political interests by increasing their proximity with the French and controlling the trade on the Malabar coast. And for this matter, Tipu Sultan refused the company to export some trading goods. This brought the company into direct conflict with Mysore and four Anglo-Mysore wars had been fought from 1767-1799, in which Tipu Sultan rose as a historical hero, who consistently gave a tough fight ... Read More

Introduction Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore, who made Mysore a formidable power in the eighteenth century died in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war in 1799 in the battlefield with a sword in his hand. His sword was believed to be very strong, which indicates that the sword was made up of high-quality steel, called ‘wootz steel’, manufactured in the southern part of India. This steel of India even gained the attention of the western world they made a study of the production of this steel. The production of the wootz steel included several steps and a specialized technique. Eventually, the ... Read More

Introduction The power centres of our country have changed a number of times throughout history. Harappa, Pataliputra, Lahore, Peshawar, Kannauj, Calcutta, Agra, Bombay, Malkhed, etc have all served as the capital of a powerful empire at some point in time. But none of them match the powerful rulers of Delhi. The city first rose to prominence in the 12th century, first under the Tomara dynasty and then the Chauhans. Prithiviraj Chauhan laid the foundation of a power centre during his rule from 1175 onwards. Eventually, the grandeur of Indian dynasties attracted foreign invaders. Prithviraj Chauhan’s loss in the 2nd Battle ... Read More

Introduction Before the emergence of big empires and kingdoms, people usually lived in small communities and prayed to their gods and goddesses. Buddhism and Jainism became one of the most dominating religions in the fifth century afterwards. The idea of a Supreme God became prominent after the eighth century, with the beginning of the bhakti movement. The bhakti movement brought the revival of Hinduism. It spread the idea of a supreme god and one can achieve true liberation only by praying and devoting himself to god. It challenged the beliefs of Buddhism and Jainism. Buddhism and Jainism claimed that one ... Read More

Introduction Since 2900 BCE the Indian civilization has seen thousands of groups and clans in society. Starting with the Indus Valley Civilization to the 21st-century composite Indian society. All these different forms of societal structures have left their imprints on Indian history and culture. The Gonds are one of them. Tribal history in India in India is still vague, but a few tribes like Gonds, Bhils, Santhals, et al have some form of literature to support their history. So here we will study the history of the Gonds and how their society has evolved over the years. Changes in the ... Read More

Introduction The rise of nationalism in India is directly related to British oppression. Initially, India was a group of many Princely states and kingdoms. Later the Britishers occupied Indian territories and imposed their rules and administrative institutions on India. Britishers were determined to gain as much profit as they could. They adopted harsh measures like heavy taxation on peasants and merchants. All the Indians irrespective of their cast, creed, religion, language and region were affected by the exploitative nature of the Britishers. There was a growing discontent toward British rule. Many people were dissatisfied with British rule because it interfered ... Read More

Introduction Britishers came to India in the 1600s as a trading company named, East India Company. Initially, the only agenda of EIC was to get raw materials at the cheapest price in India and sell them to other parts of the world and gain maximum benefit. After 1707 the last strong emperor of the Mughal empire Aurangzeb died and it allowed the EIC to cut off the taxes that they were paying to Indian kings. They saw it as an opportunity to maximize their income. The first factory of Britishers was in Bengal and after the Battle of Plassey and ... Read More

Introduction Chronicles of the Delhi Sultanate mention the just and honest rule by kings in order to get support from others to run the empire. The system was called the circle of justice, in which the king needed to maintain ideal relations with all sections of the society for building a balance and prosperous rule. In this system, every point of the circle (i.e., all sections of the society) is equal and essential. God stands above everyone and casts his shadow on earth through the sultan. At the same time, chronicles of that time also emphasized the existence of gender ... Read More