Introduction Zahir-ud-din Muhammad was the actual name of Babur the founder of the Mughal dynasty. His son Humayun was the next successor of the Mughal Empire. The founder was born in Andijan, presently known as Uzbekistan in 1483. Who was Babur? Babur was the chronicler of the Mughal dynasty by winning over the Delhi sultanates. Ibrahim Lodhi fought against Babur in the battle, known as the first battle of Panipat. The founder captured the complete northern portion of India in 1526. He was known as the Timurid prince and he captured Fargana when he was very young. He was ... Read More

Introduction The Sultans of the Mamluk Dynasty who ruled in India were Qutb ud-Din Aibak (1206-1210 AD), Aram Shah (1210-1211 AD), Iltutmish (1211-1236 AD), Rukn-ud-din Feroze (1236 AD), Razia al-Din (1236-1240 AD), Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240-1242 AD), Ala-ud-din Masud (1242-1246 AD), Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246-1266 AD), Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266-1286 AD) and Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Qaiqabad (1286-1290 AD). However, only Qutb ud-Din Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia al-Din and Ghiyas-ud-din Balban were the most deserving among these sultans. Who were the Mamluks? Figure 1: Mamluk Dynasty The Mamluks were the slaves that rose to the position of Sultans and maintained their dynasty for almost ... Read More

Introduction The Sultanate of Delhi was defined as the five Muslim kingdoms of the origin of Pashtun and Turkic that ruled the Delhi territory from 1206 to 1526 CE and after the in 16th-century the Mughal empire was established in India. The administration of the Delhi Sultanate was generated on Islamic law or the Shariat. The administration consisted of many officers who made it easy for Sultan to rule over the empire. What was the administrative system in Delhi Sultanate? The Sultanate of Delhi began in 1206 CE and its administration was built depending on the Shariat. The Sultanate thought ... Read More

Introduction Two traditions that have been widespread in early Egypt had a big consequence on how cremation is regarded in all other cultures. Firstly, the notion of a dead and resurrected rescuer deity who may grant adherents eternity. The other was the theory of a post-mortem assessment. That indicated whatever occurred to the accused in the conclusion would rely on how well he survived. Many reports say that the Egyptian community was split into three categories the living, the divine, and the buried. Throughout their historic range, the historical Egyptians spent a substantial quantity of effort studying death and making ... Read More

Introduction Most parts of Europe and Asia were destroyed after the end of World War II. New borders, overthrown power, and funerals were happening simultaneously. The war of the Axis against the Allied forces took over 80 million lives in just ten years, which is a decline of 4% of the world's population. Attempts were undertaken to permanently weaken those countries' ability to conduct war as industries were destroyed, and former leadership was overthrown or prosecuted. Many Future issues arose from Allied occupations and United Nations and their scars were long-lasting. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum is a museum ... Read More

Introduction The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the People's Republic of China's founding and sole ruling party (PRC). The CCP won the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang under Mao Zedong's leadership, and Mao declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. Since then, the CCP has ruled China with the help of eight smaller parties in a united front, and it has complete control of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Each successive CCP leader has added their theories to the party's constitution, which outlines the party's ideological beliefs, collectively ... Read More

Introduction In 1978, China’s economy witnessed dramatic changes due to the government’s major economic reforms. The government allowed the formation of rural businesses or ownerships. It invested in educating the workforce, encouraged the development of private business and increased industrial production. The government of China also created four special economic zones or SEZs to attract investment from foreign countries and to start importing high-technology goods into China. One of the important economic reforms was to decentralise economic control and allow the implementation of free market principles. China’s economic rise led it to an annual GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of 9.5% ... Read More

Introduction In the year 1917, one of the great historical wars, the Russian Revolution, took place. The war was held during the final or last phase of the first World War. Russia was removed or thrown out of the war, and it brought a huge change or transformation of the Russian Empire or dynasty into the USSR or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, replacing or transforming Russia’s traditional (conventional) monarchy with the world’s very first Communist state. The new government formed or established was led or headed by Vladimir Lenin, he solidifies his power or strength only after three years ... Read More

Introduction Karl Marx is a name that tops the list of the most influential philosophers of the nineteenth century. He, along with Friedrich Engels, propagated Marxism. Marx is often said to have revived materialism with a new interpretation, connecting it with human history and the human past in an eccentric way. Further, social class served as a key historical factor and actor in the Marxist interpretation. The Communist Manifesto (Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei) was written by Marx and Engels in 1848 and served as the platform for communism in the 19th and 20th centuries. Communism rose from the socialist ... Read More

Introduction The League of Nations is an international organisation founded on January 10, 1920, at the initiative of the victorious Allied powers at the end of World War I. As the years passed and peace seemed no closer, an ever-increasing public demand grew for some method to be found to prevent the renewal of the suffering and destruction that were now seen as an unavoidable part of modern war. The force of this demand was so strong that, just a few weeks after the start of the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919, a unanimous agreement was reached ... Read More