Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) is an approach of designing software to provide services to applications, or to other services, through published and discoverable interfaces. Each service provide a discrete chunk of business functionality by a loosely coupled (usually asynchronous), message-dependent communication model.The design of a high-quality software solution, including some other complex structure, needs early architectural decisions assisted by well-understood design methods, structural designs, and styles. These patterns address general service concerns such as scalability, reliability, and security.There are some aspects of Service-oriented architecture which are as follows −Architectural versus Implementation Models − As IT professionals goes to deliver applications using ... Read More

SOA stands for Service Oriented Architecture. It is a type of software design that creates software element reusable using service interfaces that use a common communication language over a network.A service is a self-included unit of software functionality, or set of functionalities, designed to complete a specific task including retrieving specified data or executing an operation. It includes the code and data integrations necessary to carry out a complete, discrete business function and can be accessed remotely and communicated with or updated separately.In another terms, SOA integrates software elements that have been independently deployed and maintained and enable them to ... Read More

 SOAP Web ServicesSOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol. It is a XML-based protocol for accessing web services. It is produced as an intermediate language so that applications built in multiple programming languages can communicate with each other efficiently. Web services use SOAP for share of XML data among applications.SOAP provides both stateful and stateless operations. Stateful defines that the server keeps the data that it receives from the client across multiple requests. These requests are chained so that the server is aware about the prior requests. Examples are bank transactions, flight bookings, etc. Stateless messaging has adequate information about ... Read More

Web service is a regulated channel to propagate communication between the client and server applications on the WWW (World Wide Web). A web service is a software structure that is designed to implement a certain set of tasks.In web service, it is a standardized method of integrating Web-based applications using the XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI open standards over an Internet protocol determination. XML can be used to tag the data, SOAP can be used to transfer the data. WSDL is used for defining the services available and UDDI is used for listing what services are accessible.There are the following ... Read More

A classic Web services includes three elements such as users, services and databases. It can describe a privacy model with three dissimilar types of privacy including user privacy, service privacy, and data privacy which are as follows −User Privacy − Users of a Web service comprise persons (e.g., citizens and case officers), applications, and multiple Web services. In some cases, users conversing with a Web service are required to provide a major amount of personal sensitive information. Users of Web services, though, can expect or need dissimilar levels of privacy as per their observation of the information sensitivity.A user can ... Read More

Web service is a standardized channel to propagate communication between the user and server applications on the WWW (World Wide Web). A web service is a software structure that is designed to perform a specific set of tasks.In web service, it is a standardized method of integrating Web-based applications using the XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI open standards over an Internet protocol determination. XML can be used to tag the data, SOAP can be used to transfer the data. WSDL is used for defining the services available and UDDI is used for listing what services are accessible.A web service is ... Read More

Internet privacy defines the huge range of technologies, protocols and concepts related to providing individual users or other parties more privacy protections in their use of the global Internet. Internet privacy takes several forms, such as mandatory privacy statements on websites, data sharing controls, data transparency initiatives, etc. Internet privacy is also called as online privacy.Internet privacy is a main problem today. Privacy over the Internet has enhanced some ethical problems, which is needed to be dealt with. While catering to the privacy requirements of the Internet users, it is needed to executing certain ethics.Privacy can define ambiguity in case ... Read More

Asymmetric encryption is a type of encryption that needs two separates yet mathematically associated keys to encrypt and decrypt information. The public key encrypts data while its correlating private key decrypts it.Asymmetric key authentication is a cryptographic approach that uses a different verification key in the CAD than the proving key utilized by the smart card. This method is usually executed using trapdoor one-way functions, in which smart card creates an electronic signature with its secret key and the CAD needs a public key to authenticate the signature.The Rivest-Shamir-Adelman (RSA) public key cryptosystem is the generally implemented asymmetric key authentication ... Read More

A symmetric key is one that can be used both to encrypt and decrypt data. This means that to decrypt data, one should have the similar key that was used to encrypt it. Symmetric encryption is usually more effective than asymmetric encryption and therefore preferred when high amounts of data need to be exchanged.It can be creating the shared key is complex using only symmetric encryption algorithms, so in some cases, an asymmetric encryption is used to create the shared key between two parties.The Digital Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm is a symmetric key cryptography approach commonly used smart card systems. ... Read More

There are several drawbacks of Kerberos which are as follows −Password guessing attacks − Password guessing attacks are not solved by Kerberos. If a user select a poor password, it is applicable for an attacker to successfully mount an offline dictionary attack by constantly attempting to decrypt messages acquired which are encrypted under a key changed from the user's password. The goal is on designing a user authentication protocol that is not affected to password guessing attacks. The main objective is to delete this password guessing attack.KDC spoofing − This define an attack which based essentially on the capability to ... Read More